Infant carrying behaviour in dolphins: costly parental care in an aquatic environment
Infant carrying behaviour in dolphins: costly parental care in an aquatic environment
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海豚携带婴儿的行为：水生环境中昂贵的父母护理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Noren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Noren
1.婴儿携带行为发生在不同的类群栖息在树上，飞行和水生环境。对于哺乳动物，它被认为是哺乳后最昂贵的父母护理形式，但婴儿携带对载体的能量学和性能的影响几乎是未知的。2.鲸类动物（海豚和鲸鱼）母婴配对中的梯队游泳，被描述为非常接近其母亲的中侧腹的小牛，似乎是一种形式的水生“携带婴儿”的行为所表明的水动力学的好处小牛在这个位置，使他们能够保持接近他们的旅行母亲。虽然这种行为为尽量减少母婴分离提供了一种解决办法，但它可能与产妇成本有关。3.通过运动学分析，这项研究表明经验，“婴儿携带”的影响海豚（Tursiops truncatus）的母亲的运动，明显的游泳性能下降，努力增加。4.母亲的平均最大游泳速度的梯队只代表这些母亲的平均最大游泳速度的76%，这些单独游泳。此外，有一个随之而来的减少13%的距离，每次中风的母亲在梯队游泳相比，单独游泳的时期。5.因此，在水生环境中的“婴儿携带”与母亲的成本有关，并可能最终影响母亲的能量预算，觅食效率和捕食者逃避。
1. Infant carrying behaviour occurs across diverse taxa inhabiting arboreal, volant and aquatic environments. For mammals, it is considered to be the most expensive form of parental care after lactation, yet the effect of infant carrying on the energetics and performance of the carrier is virtually unknown. 2. Echelon swimming in cetacean (dolphin and whale) mother-infant dyads, described as calf in very close proximity of its mother's mid-lateral flank, appears to be a form of aquatic 'infant carrying' behaviour as indicated by the hydrodynamic benefits gained by calves in this position which enables them to maintain proximity of their travelling mothers. Although this behaviour provides a solution for minimizing separations of mother-infant dyads, it may be associated with maternal costs. 3. Through kinematic analyses this study demonstrates empirically that 'infant carrying' impacts the locomotion of dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mothers as evident by decreased swim performance and increased effort. 4. The mean maximum swim speed of mothers swimming in echelon only represented 76% of the mean maximum swim speed of these mothers swimming solitarily. In addition, there was a concomitant 13% reduction in distance per stroke for mothers swimming in echelon compared to periods of solitary swimming. 5. Thus, 'infant carrying' in an aquatic environment is associated with maternal costs, and could ultimately impact maternal energy budgets, foraging efficiency and predator evasion.
恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）运动的个体发育：II。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.1059
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
American journal of physical anthropology.
影响因子：
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作者：
Wells,JP;Turnquist,JE
通讯作者：
Turnquist,JE