Stress and cognition: A user’s guide to designing and interpreting studies

Stress and cognition: A user’s guide to designing and interpreting studies
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压力和认知:设计和解释研究的用户指南

DOI:
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104475
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
G. Shields
G. Shields
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
G. Shields

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在过去的二十年里,研究压力对各种认知过程影响的研究数量大幅增加,推动了我们对压力如何影响认知的理解的快速增长。尽管有这样的增长,但很少有关于设计这些研究的公开指导方针,而发散的范式设计可以减少压力的典型影响,甚至逆转它们。因此,本综述的目的是在设计一项至少部分旨在检查急性应激对某些认知过程或功能的影响的研究时,调查必要的考虑因素(例如,验证压力诱导),重要的考虑因素(例如,指定压力源和认知任务的时间)和最佳实践(例如,使用贝叶斯分析)。这些指导方针也将有助于这些研究的读者解释可能非常混乱,异常的结果。考虑到这些因素和实践,设计和解释研究将有助于推动压力和认知领域的发展,通过澄清压力如何准确地影响感兴趣人群在给定认知任务中的表现。
Fueling the rapid growth in our understanding of how stress influences cognition, the number of studies examining the effects of stress on various cognitive processes has grown substantially over the last two decades. Despite this growth, few published guidelines exist for designing these studies, and divergent paradigm designs can diminish typical effects of stress or even reverse them. The goal of this review, therefore, is to survey necessary considerations (e.g., validating a stress induction), important considerations (e.g., specifying the timing of the stressor and cognitive task), and best practices (e.g., using Bayesian analyses) when designing a study that aims at least in part to examine the effects of acute stress on some cognitive process or function. These guidelines will also serve to help readers of these studies interpret what may otherwise be very confusing, anomalous results. Designing and interpreting studies with these considerations and practices in mind will help to move the field of stress and cognition forward by clarifying how, exactly, stress influences performance on a given cognitive task in a population of interest.
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