The world's user-generated road map is more than 80% complete.
The world's user-generated road map is more than 80% complete.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0180698
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Millard-Ball A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrington-Leigh C;Millard-Ball A
OpenStreetMap是一个众包地理数据库，它提供了唯一的全球级别的、开放许可的地理空间道路数据来源，也是许多国家/地区唯一的国家级来源。然而，想要使用OpenStreetMap(OSM)的研究人员、政策制定者和公民对它在特定地理环境中是否可以依赖的信息很少。在本文中，我们使用两种互补的、独立的方法来评估世界上每个国家的OSM道路数据的完整性。首先，我们根据卫星图像对OSM数据进行目视评估，这为基于多层回归和后分层模型的估计提供了输入。其次，我们将S型曲线与累计缴款时长进行拟合，并使用它们来估计每个国家的饱和水平。这两种技术在评估众包数据的发展和饱和方面可能有更普遍的用途。我们的结果表明，在许多地方，研究人员和政策制定者可以依赖OSM的完备性，或者很快就能这样做。我们发现：(I)在全球范围内，OSM完成了83%，超过40%的国家--包括几个发展中国家--拥有完整的街道网络；(Ii)治理良好、互联网接入良好的国家往往更完整，完整性与人口密度呈U型关系--人口稀少地区和人口稠密的城市都是绘制得最好的；(Iii)世界银行使用的现有全球数据集将道路计算少了30%以上。
OpenStreetMap, a crowdsourced geographic database, provides the only global-level, openly licensed source of geospatial road data, and the only national-level source in many countries. However, researchers, policy makers, and citizens who want to make use of OpenStreetMap (OSM) have little information about whether it can be relied upon in a particular geographic setting. In this paper, we use two complementary, independent methods to assess the completeness of OSM road data in each country in the world. First, we undertake a visual assessment of OSM data against satellite imagery, which provides the input for estimates based on a multilevel regression and poststratification model. Second, we fit sigmoid curves to the cumulative length of contributions, and use them to estimate the saturation level for each country. Both techniques may have more general use for assessing the development and saturation of crowd-sourced data. Our results show that in many places, researchers and policymakers can rely on the completeness of OSM, or will soon be able to do so. We find (i) that globally, OSM is ∼83% complete, and more than 40% of countries—including several in the developing world—have a fully mapped street network; (ii) that well-governed countries with good Internet access tend to be more complete, and that completeness has a U-shaped relationship with population density—both sparsely populated areas and dense cities are the best mapped; and (iii) that existing global datasets used by the World Bank undercount roads by more than 30%.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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