The VirF21:VirF30 protein ratio is affected by temperature and impacts Shigella flexneri host cell invasion.

The VirF21:VirF30 protein ratio is affected by temperature and impacts Shigella flexneri host cell invasion.
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DOI:
10.1093/femsle/fnac043
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发表时间:
2022-06-22
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学4区
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--
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志贺氏菌是人类细菌性痢疾的病原体,它已经进化出一种复杂的调节策略,以确保毒力基因根据环境刺激进行微调表达。这种调节的一个关键成分是 VirF,一种 AraC 样转录因子,它在宿主温度 (37°C) 下直接或间接触发超过 30 个对入侵肠上皮很重要的毒力基因的表达。先前的工作鉴定了具有不同功能的两种不同形式的 VirF:VirF30 激活毒力基因表达,而 VirF21 似乎负向调节 virF 本身。此外,VirF21 源自 virF mRNA 的差异翻译或源自较短的无前导序列 mRNA (llmRNA)。在此,我们报告 virF21 llmRNA 的表达和 VirF21:VirF30 蛋白比率在 30°C 时均高于 37°C,表明 VirF21 可能参与最小化宿主外(30°C)毒力基因的表达。 37°C 时 VirF21 水平异位升高确实抑制了志贺氏菌感染上皮细胞的能力。最后,我们发现 VirF21 C 末端部分预计含有螺旋-转-螺旋基序 (HTH2),是这种负毒力调节剂功能所必需的。两种毒力调节蛋白 VirF21:VirF30 的比例在低温下增加,可以决定福氏志贺氏菌的侵袭特性。
Shigella spp, the etiological agents of bacillary dysentery in humans, have evolved an intricate regulatory strategy to ensure fine-tuned expression of virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli. A key component in this regulation is VirF, an AraC-like transcription factor, which at the host temperature (37°C) triggers, directly or indirectly, the expression of > 30 virulence genes important for invasion of the intestinal epithelium. Previous work identified two different forms of VirF with distinct functions: VirF30 activates virulence gene expression, while VirF21 appears to negatively regulate virF itself. Moreover, VirF21 originates from either differential translation of the virF mRNA or from a shorter leaderless mRNA (llmRNA). Here we report that both expression of the virF21 llmRNA and the VirF21:VirF30 protein ratio are higher at 30°C than at 37°C, suggesting a possible involvement of VirF21 in minimizing virulence gene expression outside the host (30°C). Ectopic elevation of VirF21 levels at 37°C indeed suppresses Shigella´s ability to infect epithelial cells. Finally, we find that the VirF21 C-terminal portion, predicted to contain a Helix-Turn-Helix motif (HTH2), is required for the functionality of this negative virulence regulator. The ratio of the two virulence-regulatory proteins VirF21:VirF30 increases at low temperature and can dictate the invasive properties of Shigella flexneri.
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