Efferent-like roles of afferent neurons in the gut: Blood flow regulation and tissue protection.
Efferent-like roles of afferent neurons in the gut: Blood flow regulation and tissue protection.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.autneu.2006.01.004
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发表时间：
2006-04-30
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Holzer, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holzer, Peter
关键词：
胃肠道粘膜完整性的维持依赖于保护机制在即将发生的损伤面前的快速警报。为此，胃粘膜受内在感觉神经元和两个群体的外在感觉神经元：迷走神经和脊髓传入。外源性传入神经元构成了一个应急系统，当胃肠道粘膜受到有毒化学物质的危害时，该系统就会被调用。这些化学感受传入的功能可以选择性地操纵和探索与辣椒素的使用，其作用通过阳离子通道称为TRPV1。脊髓传入神经的许多稳态作用是由其外周末梢释放递质引起的。当受到有害化学物质的刺激时，这些传入神经会增强胃肠道血流，并激活依赖于高血症和不依赖于高血症的保护和修复机制。在啮齿类动物前肠中，这些感觉神经元的局部调节作用由降钙素基因相关肽和一氧化氮介导。神经应急系统的病理生理学潜力最好由胃充血反应酸反扩散，这是由脊髓传入神经纤维。这种机制限制了对粘膜表面的损伤，并为受伤粘膜的快速恢复和愈合创造了有利条件。其他外源性传入神经元，特别是迷走神经，通过向中枢神经系统发出前肠中的有害事件信号并引发自主神经、情感和神经内分泌反应来维持胃肠道稳态。在炎症和损伤的条件下，化学感受性传入对外周刺激敏感，并且在这种功能状态下促成与功能性消化不良和肠易激综合征相关的痛觉过敏。因此，如果要通过感觉神经元导向药物治疗胃肠道疼痛，则需要考虑这些药物不会以胃肠道粘膜脆弱性为代价抑制伤害感受。
The maintenance of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity depends on the rapid alarm of protective mechanisms in the face of pending injury. To this end, the gastric mucosa is innervated by intrinsic sensory neurons and two populations of extrinsic sensory neurons: vagal and spinal afferents. Extrinsic afferent neurons constitute an emergency system that is called into operation when the gastrointestinal mucosa is endangered by noxious chemicals. The function of these chemoceptive afferents can selectively be manipulated and explored with the use of capsaicin which acts via a cation channel termed TRPV1. Many of the homeostatic actions of spinal afferents are brought about by transmitter release from their peripheral endings. When stimulated by noxious chemicals, these afferents enhance gastrointestinal blood flow and activate hyperaemia-dependent and hyperaemia-independent mechanisms of protection and repair. In the rodent foregut these local regulatory roles of sensory neurons are mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide. The pathophysiological potential of the neural emergency system is best portrayed by the gastric hyperaemic response to acid back-diffusion, which is governed by spinal afferent nerve fibres. This mechanism limits damage to the surface of the mucosa and creates favourable conditions for rapid restitution and healing of the wounded mucosa. Other extrinsic afferent neurons, particularly in the vagus nerve, subserve gastrointestinal homeostasis by signalling noxious events in the foregut to the central nervous system and eliciting autonomic, emotional-affective and neuroendocrine reactions. Under conditions of inflammation and injury, chemoceptive afferents are sensitized to peripheral stimuli and in this functional state contribute to the hyperalgesia associated with functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Thus, if GI pain is to be treated by sensory neuron-directed drugs it needs to be considered that these drugs do not inhibit nociception at the expense of GI mucosal vulnerability.
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.00308.2003
发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Danzer, M;Jocic, M;Holzer, P
通讯作者：
Holzer, P
影响因子：
24.5
作者：
Grundy, D
通讯作者：
Grundy, D
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Holzer, P;Danzer, M;Lippe, IT
通讯作者：
Lippe, IT
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
HOLZER, P;LIPPE, IT
通讯作者：
LIPPE, IT
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
HOLZER, P;WACHTER, C;HEINEMANN, A
通讯作者：
HEINEMANN, A