Uncovering Pluralistic Ignorance to Change Men’s Communal Self-descriptions, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions
Uncovering Pluralistic Ignorance to Change Men’s Communal Self-descriptions, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions
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揭示多元无知以改变人们的共同自我描述、态度和行为意图
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sabine Sczesny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanne van Grootel;C. van Laar;Loes Meeussen;T. Schmader;Sabine Sczesny
性别规范可能导致男性回避公共 HEED 领域（医疗保健、早期教育、家庭领域）中的传统女性角色和职业，这些领域不符合男性气质的社会结构。但男人在多大程度上低估了其他男人在这些领域接受男人的程度呢？基于与社会规范和多元无知相关的研究，当前的工作调查了男性在面对有关男性公共特征和行为的真实规范与他们认为的错误规范时是否表现出更多的公共取向。研究 1（N = 64）表明，年轻的比利时男性确实认为他们的同龄人在公共和代理特征方面持有比同龄人实际持有的更传统的规范。研究 2（N = 319）向年轻的比利时男性展示了改变的规范，以操纵对男性实际规范信念（即男性真正的想法）、他们感知的规范（即男性相信其他男性的想法）的接触，或无信息控制。当男性看到实际的而非感知到的规范时，他们会朝着更共同的方向改变自己的自我描述、未来的行为意图以及更广泛的与性别相关的社会态度。特别是，当男性被告知关于公共特征和代理特征之间的兼容性的实际信念时，他们表现出最强烈的朝向公共取向的运动。研究结果表明，在发现多元无知的情况下，参与者会调整自己的态度和行为，使其更符合实际规范：采用更具群体性的自我概念，不太愿意隐藏未来的群体性参与，并支持更进步的与性别相关的社会变革。研究结果讨论了规范对男性群体取向的影响和对与性别相关的社会变革的更广泛态度的影响，以及对男性代表性仍然严重不足的 HEED 领域中增加性别平等的下游影响。
Gender norms can lead men to shy away from traditionally female roles and occupations in communal HEED domains (Healthcare, Early Education, Domestic sphere) that do not fit within the social construct of masculinity. But to what extent do men underestimate the degree to which other men are accepting of men in these domains? Building on research related to social norms and pluralistic ignorance, the current work investigated whether men exhibit increased communal orientations when presented with the true norms regarding men’s communal traits and behaviors vs. their perceived faulty norms. Study 1 (N = 64) revealed that young Belgian men indeed perceive their peers to hold more traditional norms regarding communal and agentic traits than their peers actually hold. Study 2 (N = 319) presented young Belgian men with altered norms to manipulate exposure to men’s actual normative beliefs (i.e., what men truly think), their perceived norms (i.e., what men believe other men think), or a no information control. When men were presented with actual rather than perceived norms, they altered their own self-descriptions, future behavioral intentions, and broader gender-related social attitudes in a more communal direction. In particular, men who were presented with information about men’s actual beliefs regarding the compatibility between communal and agentic traits exhibited the strongest movement toward a more communal orientation. The findings show that participants in conditions that uncover pluralistic ignorance adapted their attitudes and behaviors to be more in line with the actual norm: adopting a more communal self-concept, having lower intentions to hide future communal engagement, and supporting more progressive gender-related social change. The results are discussed in terms of influences of norms on men’s communal orientations and broader attitudes toward gender-related social change, and the down-stream implications for increased gender-equality in HEED domains where men remain highly underrepresented.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Kennon M. Sheldon;M. L. Cooper
通讯作者：
Kennon M. Sheldon;M. L. Cooper
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
PRENTICE, DA;MILLER, DT
通讯作者：
MILLER, DT