The social relevance and the socio-cultural origins of gender differences in spatial abilities
The social relevance and the socio-cultural origins of gender differences in spatial abilities
复制标题
空间能力性别差异的社会相关性和社会文化根源
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Quaiser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vera Ruthsatz;S. Neuburger;C. Quaiser
在世界各地，女孩在学校的STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)科目中的比例仍然很低，只有一小部分妇女选择了这一领域的职业。受社会影响的空间能力的性别差异--尤其是在大脑中旋转两个或三个三维物体的能力--被认为是性别差异的认知中介。本文对空间能力性别差异的社会原因和社会后果进行了综述。它侧重于社会文化影响，包括性别陈规定型观念(例如，“陈规定型观念威胁”现象)，以及榜样在家庭和学校中的重要性。此外，还考虑了个人因素，如与能力相关的自我概念以及经验和培训的影响。实证研究的结果表明，心理轮换绩效受到空间经验、角色模型、与能力相关的自我概念和社会经济地位的性别差异的强烈影响。最后，文章讨论了女性感觉到的空间能力不足可能导致性别典型的教育和职业选择的原因和方式。
All over the world girls are still highly underrepresented in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) subjects in school, and only a small percentage of women choose occupational careers in that field. The socially-influenced gender differences in spatial abilities – particularly in the ability to rotate twoor three-dimensional objects in one’s mind – are considered as a cognitive mediator of that gender gap. This paper gives an overview of the social causes and social consequences of the gender differences in spatial abilities. It focuses on sociocultural influences, including gender stereotypes (e.g. the phenomenon of the “stereotype threat”), and the importance of role models in family and school. Furthermore, personal factors like the ability-related self-concept and the effects of experience and training are taken into consideration. The results of empirical studies are reported which reveal that mental-rotation performance is strongly influenced by gender-specific differences in spatial experiences, role models, the ability-related selfconcept and socio-economic status. Finally, the paper discusses why and how women`s perceived lack of spatial abilities might lead to gender-typical educational and occupational choices.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
LINN, MC;PETERSEN, AC
通讯作者：
PETERSEN, AC