Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation.
Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation.
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DOI：
10.1186/1741-7007-6-10
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发表时间：
2008-02-14
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wayne RK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koepfli KP;Deere KA;Slater GJ;Begg C;Begg K;Grassman L;Lucherini M;Veron G;Wayne RK
适应性辐射，生态和表型多样性从一个共同的祖先进化而来，是进化生物学的一个核心概念，是许多生物群体进化历史的特征。其中一组是鼬科，这是哺乳动物目食肉目中物种最丰富的科，共有22属59种。现存的鼬类动物表现出广泛的生态形态多样性，不同的谱系已经进化成一系列的适应区，从化石獾到半水生水獭。Mustelids也分布广泛，在不同的大陆上发现了多个属。与其他经历适应性辐射的类群一样，解决mustelids的系统发育历史提出了许多挑战，因为生态形态趋同可能会混淆基于形态学的系统发育推断，而且适应性辐射通常包括一个或多个快速枝发生时期，需要大量的数据来解决。利用22个基因片段（约1.2万个碱基对）组成的数据矩阵，通过最大简约、最大似然和贝叶斯推理等方法构建了一个接近完整的Mustelidae的一般级系统发育。我们发现，在高节点支持下，mustelids始终被分解为四个主要分支和三个单型谱系。利用贝叶斯定年技术，我们提供的证据表明，mustelids经历了两次多样化爆发，这与发生在新近纪的主要古环境和生物变化相吻合，并与其他脊椎动物类群中类似的枝发生爆发相对应。生物地理学分析表明，大多数现存的鼬鼠多样性起源于欧亚大陆，并且鼬鼠曾多次在非洲、北美和南美殖民。结合化石记录的信息，我们的系统发育和年代分析表明，mustelid的多样化可能是由动物群更替事件和低营养水平的多样化共同刺激的，最终由气候驱动的环境变化引起。我们的生物地理分析表明欧亚大陆是鼬鼠多样性的起源中心，而非洲、北美和南美的鼬鼠主要是通过分散而聚集起来的，这对理解鼬鼠群落的生态学具有重要意义。
Adaptive radiation, the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity from a common ancestor, is a central concept in evolutionary biology and characterizes the evolutionary histories of many groups of organisms. One such group is the Mustelidae, the most species-rich family within the mammalian order Carnivora, encompassing 59 species classified into 22 genera. Extant mustelids display extensive ecomorphological diversity, with different lineages having evolved into an array of adaptive zones, from fossorial badgers to semi-aquatic otters. Mustelids are also widely distributed, with multiple genera found on different continents. As with other groups that have undergone adaptive radiation, resolving the phylogenetic history of mustelids presents a number of challenges because ecomorphological convergence may potentially confound morphologically based phylogenetic inferences, and because adaptive radiations often include one or more periods of rapid cladogenesis that require a large amount of data to resolve. We constructed a nearly complete generic-level phylogeny of the Mustelidae using a data matrix comprising 22 gene segments (~12,000 base pairs) analyzed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. We show that mustelids are consistently resolved with high nodal support into four major clades and three monotypic lineages. Using Bayesian dating techniques, we provide evidence that mustelids underwent two bursts of diversification that coincide with major paleoenvironmental and biotic changes that occurred during the Neogene and correspond with similar bursts of cladogenesis in other vertebrate groups. Biogeographical analyses indicate that most of the extant diversity of mustelids originated in Eurasia and mustelids have colonized Africa, North America and South America on multiple occasions. Combined with information from the fossil record, our phylogenetic and dating analyses suggest that mustelid diversification may have been spurred by a combination of faunal turnover events and diversification at lower trophic levels, ultimately caused by climatically driven environmental changes. Our biogeographic analyses show Eurasia as the center of origin of mustelid diversity and that mustelids in Africa, North America and South America have been assembled over time largely via dispersal, which has important implications for understanding the ecology of mustelid communities.
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