Light, including ultraviolet.

Light, including ultraviolet.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.011
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发表时间:
2010-05
影响因子:
12.8
通讯作者:
Goodarzi H
Goodarzi H
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Maverakis E;Miyamura Y;Bowen MP;Correa G;Ono Y;Goodarzi H

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紫外线与皮肤免疫系统的功能状态有着千丝万缕的联系。在易感人群中,紫外线辐射可点燃致病炎症途径,导致过敏或自身免疫。在其他国家,同样的紫外线辐射可以被用作光疗,以抑制致病的皮肤免疫反应。这些截然不同的特性是紫外线能够电离皮肤中的分子,从而在化学上改变它们的直接结果。有时,这些紫外线诱导的化学反应是必不可少的,例如,从7-脱氢胆固醇形成维生素D3前。在其他情况下,它们可能是潜在的有害因素。紫外线辐射可以电离细胞的DNA,导致相邻的嘧啶碱基以化学方式相互结合。为了防止恶性转化,细胞可能会通过细胞凋亡来应对紫外线诱导的DNA损伤。尽管这一途径可以预防皮肤癌,但它也有可能通过暴露细胞的核抗原来诱导或加剧自身反应性免疫反应。紫外线诱导的化学反应也可以通过各种其他机制激活免疫系统。角质形成细胞对紫外线照射的反应是分泌细胞因子和趋化因子,激活白细胞并将其招募到皮肤中。在一些个体中,紫外线诱导的化学反应可以合成新的抗原,从而导致光过敏。或者,光敏分子可以通过引发类似晒伤的光毒反应来损害细胞。在这里,我们回顾了所有类型的紫外线诱导的皮肤反应,特别是涉及免疫系统的反应。
Ultraviolet (UV) light is intricately linked to the functional status of the cutaneous immune system. In susceptible individuals, UV radiation can ignite pathogenic inflammatory pathways leading to allergy or autoimmunity. In others, this same UV radiation can be used as a phototherapy to suppress pathogenic cutaneous immune responses. These vastly different properties are a direct result of UV light’s ability to ionize molecules in the skin and thereby chemically alter them. Sometimes these UV-induced chemical reactions are essential, the formation of pre-vitamin D3 from 7-dehydrocholesterol, for example. In other instances they can be potentially detrimental. UV radiation can ionize a cell’s DNA causing adjacent pyrimidine bases to chemically bond to each other. To prevent malignant transformation, a cell may respond to this UV-induced DNA damage by undergoing apoptosis. Although this pathway prevents skin cancer it also has the potential of inducing or exacerbating autoreactive immune responses by exposing the cell’s nuclear antigens. Ultaviolet-induced chemical reactions can activate the immune system by a variety of other mechanisms as well. In response to UV irradiation keratinocytes secrete cytokines and chemokines, which activate and recruit leukocytes to the skin. In some individuals UV-induced chemical reactions can synthesize novel antigens resulting in a photoallergy. Alternatively, photosensitizing molecules can damage cells by initiating sunburn-like phototoxic reactions. Herein we review all types of UV-induced skin reactions, especially those involving the immune system.
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