Evaluation of Recent Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems to the Central Nervous System.

Evaluation of Recent Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems to the Central Nervous System.
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最近鼻内给药系统对中枢神经系统的评价。

DOI:
10.3390/pharmaceutics14030629
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发表时间:
2022-03-12
期刊:
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Hsu WH
Hsu WH
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Crowe TP;Hsu WH

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神经系统疾病在世界范围内的患病率继续上升。再加上缺乏可改变的危险因素或强有力的有效治疗方法,这些疾病给卫生保健系统和社会带来了日益沉重的负担。神经保护或治疗疗法的发展受到多种因素的限制,但最重要的是高度选择性的血脑屏障。鼻内给药可以完全绕过这一屏障,允许直接进入脑组织,从而使从生物活性肽到干细胞的大量潜在新疗法成为可能。目前的研究表明,仅仅使用简单的溶液是低效的,可能会限制治疗的成功。虽然许多疗法可以在某种程度上不需要载体分子或显著的修饰,但越来越多的研究表明,有几种方法可以提高这种给药途径的安全性和有效性,如鼻腔渗透性增强剂、凝胶剂或纳米载体配方。本文将讨论有前景的给药系统及其在扩大这种新型给药途径的临床疗效方面的作用。优化鼻内给药将是至关重要的,因为新的治疗方法将继续在临床试验中研究和批准,以满足神经系统疾病患者治疗日益增长的需求。
Neurological diseases continue to increase in prevalence worldwide. Combined with the lack of modifiable risk factors or strongly efficacious therapies, these disorders pose a significant and growing burden on healthcare systems and societies. The development of neuroprotective or curative therapies is limited by a variety of factors, but none more than the highly selective blood-brain barrier. Intranasal administration can bypass this barrier completely and allow direct access to brain tissues, enabling a large number of potential new therapies ranging from bioactive peptides to stem cells. Current research indicates that merely administering simple solutions is inefficient and may limit therapeutic success. While many therapies can be delivered to some degree without carrier molecules or significant modification, a growing body of research has indicated several methods of improving the safety and efficacy of this administration route, such as nasal permeability enhancers, gelling agents, or nanocarrier formulations. This review shall discuss promising delivery systems and their role in expanding the clinical efficacy of this novel administration route. Optimization of intranasal administration will be crucial as novel therapies continue to be studied in clinical trials and approved to meet the growing demand for the treatment of patients with neurological diseases.
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