Microscopy and chemical analyses reveal flavone-based woolly fibres extrude from micron-sized holes in glandular trichomes of Dionysia tapetodes.
Microscopy and chemical analyses reveal flavone-based woolly fibres extrude from micron-sized holes in glandular trichomes of Dionysia tapetodes.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12870-021-03010-9
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发表时间：
2021-06-17
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Wightman R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bourdon M;Gaynord J;Müller KH;Evans G;Wallis S;Aston P;Spring DR;Wightman R
樱草科的一种小型的山地常绿植物，具有巨大的表面覆盖着长长的丝状纤维，形成了典型的“羊毛状”绒毛。这与一些相关报春花形成鲜明对比，相反，它们形成细粉。法里纳是由专门的细胞工厂形成的，这是一种腺状毛状体，但人们对纤维的精确组成以及它如何离开细胞知之甚少。在这里，使用细胞生物学（电子和光学显微镜）和分析化学技术的结合，我们提出了羊毛的主要化学成分及其从腺毛中退出的机制。我们展示了由黄酮和取代黄酮衍生物的混合物形成的微米直径的纤维。这与粉状面粉形成对比，粉状面粉几乎完全由黄酮组成。绒条绦虫的绒毛状绒毛从毛状体腺头细胞表面的特定部位挤出，其特征是在质膜、细胞壁和角质层上形成一个小而完整的间隙，并在纤维和孔之间形成一个紧密的密封。该数据与细胞内发生的形成和螺纹伸长一致。我们的研究结果表明，绒屑绦虫的组成决定了它的形成是羊毛而不是粉末，这与依赖于分子间氢键的线完整性模型一致。腺毛通过在头细胞皮层的特定部位集中和维持挤压而产生多种羊毛纤维。由于羊毛在植物中广泛分布，可能存在归因于高海拔生活的相关选择压力。在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1186/s12870-021-03010-9获得。
Dionysia tapetodes, a small cushion-forming mountainous evergreen in the Primulaceae, possesses a vast surface-covering of long silky fibres forming the characteristic “woolly” farina. This contrasts with some related Primula which instead form a fine powder. Farina is formed by specialized cellular factories, a type of glandular trichome, but the precise composition of the fibres and how it exits the cell is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of cell biology (electron and light microscopy) and analytical chemical techniques, we present the principal chemical components of the wool and its mechanism of exit from the glandular trichome. We show the woolly farina consists of micron-diameter fibres formed from a mixture of flavone and substituted flavone derivatives. This contrasts with the powdery farina, consisting almost entirely of flavone. The woolly farina in D. tapetodes is extruded through specific sites at the surface of the trichome’s glandular head cell, characterised by a small complete gap in the plasma membrane, cell wall and cuticle and forming a tight seal between the fibre and hole. The data is consistent with formation and thread elongation occurring from within the cell. Our results suggest the composition of the D. tapetodes farina dictates its formation as wool rather than powder, consistent with a model of thread integrity relying on intermolecular H-bonding. Glandular trichomes produce multiple wool fibres by concentrating and maintaining their extrusion at specific sites at the cell cortex of the head cell. As the wool is extensive across the plant, there may be associated selection pressures attributed to living at high altitudes. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03010-9.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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