Single-molecule studies of the neuronal SNARE fusion machinery.

Single-molecule studies of the neuronal SNARE fusion machinery.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.070306.103621
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Chu S
Chu S
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brunger AT;Weninger K;Bowen M;Chu S

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SNARE是Ca 2+触发的突触囊泡与质膜融合的机制的重要组成部分,导致神经递质释放到突触间隙中。虽然知道很多关于他们的生物物理和结构特性和他们的相互作用与辅助蛋白质,如Ca 2+传感器synaptotagmin,他们在膜融合的确切作用仍然是一个谜。脂质体与重构SNARE的包封研究已经证明,SNARE和辅助蛋白可以触发脂质混合/融合,但无法研究单个融合事件已经排除了对融合过程的分子见解。因此,这一领域是成熟的研究与单分子方法。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了第一个应用单分子的方法来观察重建的SNARE,其复合物,相关蛋白质,以及它们对生物膜的影响。其中一些发现具有挑衅性,例如平行和反平行陷阱复合物的可能性,或者囊泡仅与突触融合蛋白和突触泡蛋白对接,但已被其他实验证实。
SNAREs are essential components of the machinery for Ca2+-triggered fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, resulting in neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft. While much is known about their biophysical and structural properties and their interactions with accessory proteins such as the Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin, their precise role in membrane fusion remains an enigma. Ensemble studies of liposomes with reconstituted SNAREs have demonstrated that SNAREs and accessory proteins can trigger lipid mixing/fusion, but the inability to study individual fusion events has precluded molecular insights into the fusion process. Thus, this field is ripe for studies with single molecule methodology. In this review we discuss first applications of single-molecule approaches to observe reconstituted SNAREs, their complexes, associated proteins, and their effect on biological membranes. Some of the findings are provocative, such the possibility of parallel and anti-parallel SNARE complexes, or vesicle docking with only syntaxin and synaptobrevin, but have been confirmed by other experiments.
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