The influence of prior knowledge on memory: a developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective.

The influence of prior knowledge on memory: a developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00139
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发表时间:
2013-10-08
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Shing YL
Shing YL
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brod G;Werkle-Bergner M;Shing YL

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在个体发育过程中,个体收集多种经验,在此期间,他们发现环境中的有害物质,从而积累知识。这些知识被用来指导行为,做出预测,并获得更多的新知识。在这篇综述中,我们从心理学和新兴的认知神经科学文献中讨论了先验知识对记忆的影响,并就此主题提供了发展的视角。最近的神经科学研究发现,内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)和海马(HC)在先前知识的出现及其在成功的记忆编码,巩固和检索过程中的应用中发挥着重要作用。我们也考虑了外侧PFC,并讨论了内侧和外侧PFC和HC在整个发展过程中的变化,并假设这些变化可能与使用先前知识进行记忆的发展有关。对于未来的发展方向,我们认为,要衡量年龄差异的影响,先验知识的记忆,有必要区分其可访问性和使用先验知识的可用性。
Across ontogenetic development, individuals gather manifold experiences during which they detect regularities in their environment and thereby accumulate knowledge. This knowledge is used to guide behavior, make predictions, and acquire further new knowledge. In this review, we discuss the influence of prior knowledge on memory from both the psychology and the emerging cognitive neuroscience literature and provide a developmental perspective on this topic. Recent neuroscience findings point to a prominent role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and of the hippocampus (HC) in the emergence of prior knowledge and in its application during the processes of successful memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. We take the lateral PFC into consideration as well and discuss changes in both medial and lateral PFC and HC across development and postulate how these may be related to the development of the use of prior knowledge for remembering. For future direction, we argue that, to measure age differential effects of prior knowledge on memory, it is necessary to distinguish the availability of prior knowledge from its accessibility and use.
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