Characterisation and localisation of the opsin protein repertoire in the brain and retinas of a spider and an onychophoran.
Characterisation and localisation of the opsin protein repertoire in the brain and retinas of a spider and an onychophoran.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-13-186
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发表时间：
2013-09-08
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Schmid A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eriksson BJ;Fredman D;Steiner G;Schmid A
视蛋白在大多数动物中被发现，其最明显的功能与视觉和光引导行为有关。随着越来越多的序列变得可用，已经清楚的是，许多视蛋白样转录物在眼睛以外的组织中表达。视蛋白可分为三个主要组：横纹体视蛋白（r-视蛋白）、睫状体视蛋白（c-视蛋白）和第4组视蛋白。在节肢动物中，主要的焦点是参与视觉的r-视蛋白。然而，随着测序的增加，越来越清楚的是，节肢动物也具有视蛋白的c型，组4视蛋白和新发现的arthropsin，但这些视蛋白的功能是未知的节肢动物和数据的本地化是有限的或不存在的。我们确定了视蛋白从蜘蛛Cupiennius salei和onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis和这些成绩单的特点和定位的遗传学。我们回收了C中所有已知的视蛋白。salei等，并且另外发现了与蚤状水蚤节蛋白酶类似的peropsin、c-视蛋白和视蛋白。Peropsin在除前正中眼外的所有眼型中均有表达。arthropsin和c-opsin在中枢神经系统中表达，但在眼睛中不表达。在大肠kanangrensis中发现了一种视蛋白c，一种类似D. pulex arthropsins;和与先前公开的onychophoran onychopsins具有高序列相似性的R-视蛋白。急诊kanangrensisc-视蛋白和onychopsin在眼和脑中都有表达，但arthropsin仅在脑中表达。我们的新发现，睫状体和横纹肌型的视蛋白存在于onychophoran和蜘蛛表明，这两种类型的视蛋白存在于最后共同祖先的Onychophora和Euarthropoda。c-视蛋白在有爪动物眼睛中的表达表明c-视蛋白可能最初在节肢动物分支中参与视觉。在蜘蛛视网膜中缺乏c-视蛋白表达表明c-视蛋白在视觉中的作用在真节肢动物中丢失。我们发现的arthropsin在onychophorans和蜘蛛日期arthropsin的出现，共同祖先的Onychophora和Euarthropoda和他们的大脑中的表达表明非视觉功能。
Opsins have been found in the majority of animals and their most apparent functions are related to vision and light-guided behaviour. As an increasing number of sequences have become available it has become clear that many opsin-like transcripts are expressed in tissues other than the eyes. Opsins can be divided into three main groups: rhabdomeric opsins (r-opsins), ciliary opsins (c-opsins) and group 4 opsins. In arthropods, the main focus has been on the r-opsins involved in vision. However, with increased sequencing it is becoming clear that arthropods also possess opsins of the c-type, group 4 opsins and the newly discovered arthropsins but the functions of these opsins are unknown in arthropods and data on their localisation is limited or absent. We identified opsins from the spider Cupiennius salei and the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis and characterised the phylogeny and localisation of these transcripts. We recovered all known visual opsins in C. salei, and in addition found a peropsin, a c-opsin and an opsin resembling Daphnia pulex arthropsin. The peropsin was expressed in all eye types except the anterior median eyes. The arthropsin and the c-opsin were expressed in the central nervous system but not the eyes. In E. kanangrensis we found: a c-opsin; an opsin resembling D. pulex arthropsins; and an r-opsin with high sequence similarity to previously published onychophoran onychopsins. The E. kanangrensis c-opsin and onychopsin were expressed in both the eyes and the brain but the arthropsin only in the brain. Our novel finding that opsins of both the ciliary and rhabdomeric type are present in the onychophoran and a spider suggests that these two types of opsins were present in the last common ancestor of the Onychophora and Euarthropoda. The expression of the c-opsin in the eye of an onychophoran indicates that c-opsins may originally have been involved in vision in the arthropod clade. The lack of c-opsin expression in the spider retina suggests that the role for c-opsin in vision was lost in the euarthropods. Our discovery of arthropsin in onychophorans and spiders dates the emergence of arthropsin to the common ancestor of Onychophora and Euarthropoda and their expression in the brain suggests a non-visual function.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Eriksson, BJ;Tait, NN;Budd, GE
通讯作者：
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3.7
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2.6
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3.9
作者：
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