A practical guide to the preparation and use of metal ion‐buffered systems for physiological research

A practical guide to the preparation and use of metal ion‐buffered systems for physiological research
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用于生理研究的金属离子缓冲系统的制备和使用实用指南

DOI:
10.1111/apha.12988
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
6.3
通讯作者:
Schneider T
Schneider T
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Neumaier F;Alpdogan S;Hescheler J;Schneider T

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最近认识到 Zn2+ 和 Cu2+ 的移动池参与神经元、内分泌和其他细胞的调节,这刺激了可视化和量化游离痕量金属离子水平的工具的开发。大多数用于测量或控制松散结合金属的方法都需要包含精确定义的目标离子游离浓度的参考介质。尽管适当的金属离子缓冲至关重要,但仍然缺乏国际标准,该领域的初学者可能很难找到如何制备痕量金属离子缓冲液的连贯描述,特别是当在多金属系统中进行实验时。为了弥补这一差距,我们提供了金属离子缓冲系统的设计、制备和使用指南,以促进在生理相关离子条件下立即应用。概述了化学形态形成的热力学和动力学概念以及一般方案和具体示例,以准确制备单金属和双金属离子缓冲液。此外,用 FluoZin-3 进行的实验表明,可靠制备纳摩尔 Zn2+ 溶液需要金属离子缓冲系统,并且双金属离子缓冲液可用于在毫摩尔 Ca2+ 浓度存在的情况下校准合适的荧光 Zn2+ 传感器。总之,所提供的信息应该使读者认识到在处理与生理相关浓度的痕量金属离子时存在的许多潜在陷阱和不确定性,并使他们能够为大多数体外应用配制自己的金属离子缓冲液。
Recent recognition that mobile pools of Zn2+and Cu2+are involved in the regulation of neuronal, endocrine and other cells has stimulated the development of tools to visualize and quantify the level of free trace metal ions. Most of the methods used to measure or control loosely bound metals require reference media that contain exactly defined free concentrations of the target ions. Despite the central importance of proper metal ion buffering, there is still a lack of international standards and beginners in the field may have difficulties finding a coherent description of how to prepare trace metal ion buffers, especially when experiments are to be performed in multimetal systems. To close this gap, we provide a guide for the design, preparation and use of metal ion‐buffered systems that facilitate immediate application under physiologically relevant ionic conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic concepts of chemical speciation as well as general protocols and specific examples are outlined for the accurate preparation of single‐ and dual‐metal ion buffers. In addition, experiments have been performed with FluoZin‐3 to illustrate that metal ion‐buffered systems are required for reliable preparation of nanomolar Zn2+solutions and that dual‐metal ion buffers can be used to calibrate suitable fluorescent Zn2+sensors in the presence of millimolar Ca2+concentrations. Together, the information provided should sensitize readers to the many potential pitfalls and uncertainties that exist when working with physiologically relevant concentrations of trace metal ions and enable them to formulate their own metal ion buffers for most in vitro applications.
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