Using Satellite Imagery to Examine the Relationship between Surface-Water Dynamics of the Salt Lakes of Western Texas and Ogallala Aquifer Depletion

Using Satellite Imagery to Examine the Relationship between Surface-Water Dynamics of the Salt Lakes of Western Texas and Ogallala Aquifer Depletion
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利用卫星图像检查德克萨斯州西部盐湖地表水动态与奥加拉拉含水层枯竭之间的关系

DOI:
10.1007/s13157-017-0940-2
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
McIntyre, N. E.
McIntyre, N. E.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heintzman, L. J.;Starr, S. M.;Mulligan, K. R.;Barbato, L. S.;McIntyre, N. E.

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我们使用陆地卫星图像研究了过去27年来美国南部高平原的39个盐湖(Salinas)的地表水动态。这些地下水和降水补给的湿地是区域独特的生境,盐分浓度高,盐生生物可能容易受到农业地下水开采和干旱造成的水文变化的影响。我们记录了39个萨利纳地区的水量和出水量,比较了1986-2013年的夏季和冬季(分别代表地下水需求高和低的时期)。在此期间,研究区耕地总面积和灌溉面积增加,奥加拉拉含水层饱和厚度减少约18.3%。盐藻的淹水频率有变化,在我们的研究过程中,有两个从不保水。三分之一的萨利纳至少干过一次,夏季比冬季略多。水的出现不仅仅是盆地大小或含水层深度的函数。这些湿地正在受到人类对景观的变化的影响,这些变化正在减少地下水的投入,有效地创造了现在主要由降水而不是地下水提供的新型湿地,其水文和生态特征发生了变化,可能会加剧区域对气候变化的脆弱性。
We used Landsat imagery to examine surface-water dynamics over the past 27 years in 39 salt lakes (salinas) of the Southern High Plains of the U.S. These groundwater- and precipitation-fed wetlands are regionally unique habitats with high salt concentrations and halophytic biota that may be vulnerable to hydrological changes from groundwater extraction for agriculture coupled with drought. We documented amounts and occurrences of water within the 39 salinas, comparing summer and winter (representing periods of high and low groundwater demand, respectively) in 1986–2013. During this span in our study area, total and irrigated cropland acreage increased, and the saturated thickness of the Ogallala Aquifer decreased by ~18.3%. There was variation in inundation frequency by salina, with two never holding water during our study. A third of the salinas went dry at least once, slightly more in summer than winter. Occurrence of water was not simply a function of basin size or to depth to the aquifer. These wetlands are being impacted by human changes to the landscape that are diminishing groundwater inputs, effectively creating novel wetlands that are now primarily supplied by precipitation rather than groundwater, with altered hydrological and ecological traits that may exacerbate regional vulnerability to climate change.
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