Circulating platelets as liquid biopsy sources for cancer detection.
Circulating platelets as liquid biopsy sources for cancer detection.
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DOI：
10.1002/1878-0261.12859
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Würdinger T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antunes-Ferreira M;Koppers-Lalic D;Würdinger T
血液循环中的血小板是潜在癌症生物标志物的重要储存库，包括几种类型的rna和蛋白质，这使它们成为液体活检的丰富生物来源。在临床诊断中，血小板通常通过建立良好的快速方法分离。利用多种技术，一些临床前研究强调了血小板生物标志物在检测不同类型和阶段癌症方面的潜力。核酸和蛋白质由肿瘤细胞释放到血液中，可以作为检测癌症的生物标志物。此外，癌症检测生物标志物也可以是非肿瘤来源的，它们起源于其他器官和细胞类型。因此，液体活检提供了直接来源于肿瘤细胞的生物分子和间接来源于非肿瘤的替代标记物的来源，这些标记物在体液中循环或被循环的外周血细胞吸收。血小板吸收蛋白质和核酸并根据外部信号改变巨核细胞衍生的转录本和蛋白质的能力使其成为最丰富的液体活检生物来源之一。血小板是外周血中第二丰富的细胞类型，在临床诊断中通常通过成熟和快速的方法分离出来，但它们作为癌症生物标志物来源的价值相对较晚。血小板没有细胞核，但有一个功能性剪接体和蛋白质翻译机制来处理RNA转录物。血小板是潜在癌症生物标志物的重要储存库，包括几种类型的RNA （mRNA、miRNA、circRNA、lncRNA和线粒体RNA）和蛋白质，一些临床前研究强调了血小板作为液体活检来源检测各种类型和阶段癌症的潜力。在这里，我们讨论血小板作为液体活检检测癌症的可用性。我们描述了几项支持血小板生物标志物在癌症诊断中的应用的研究，并讨论了它们在临床应用中仍然缺乏的东西。
Blood platelets in circulation are important repositories of potential cancer biomarkers, including several types of RNAs and proteins, which make them a rich biosource for liquid biopsy. Platelets are routinely isolated through well‐established and fast methods in clinical diagnostics. Using multiple techniques, several preclinical studies have highlighted the potential of platelet biomarkers in detecting various types and stages of cancer. Nucleic acids and proteins are shed into the bloodstream by tumor cells and can be exploited as biomarkers for the detection of cancer. In addition, cancer detection biomarkers can also be nontumor‐derived, having their origin in other organs and cell types. Hence, liquid biopsies provide a source of direct tumor cell‐derived biomolecules and indirect nontumor‐derived surrogate markers that circulate in body fluids or are taken up by circulating peripheral blood cells. The capacity of platelets to take up proteins and nucleic acids and alter their megakaryocyte‐derived transcripts and proteins in response to external signals makes them one of the richest liquid biopsy biosources. Platelets are the second most abundant cell type in peripheral blood and are routinely isolated through well‐established and fast methods in clinical diagnostics but their value as a source of cancer biomarkers is relatively recent. Platelets do not have a nucleus but have a functional spliceosome and protein translation machinery, to process RNA transcripts. Platelets emerge as important repositories of potential cancer biomarkers, including several types of RNAs (mRNA, miRNA, circRNA, lncRNA, and mitochondrial RNA) and proteins, and several preclinical studies have highlighted their potential as a liquid biopsy source for detecting various types and stages of cancer. Here, we address the usability of platelets as a liquid biopsy for the detection of cancer. We describe several studies that support the use of platelet biomarkers in cancer diagnostics and discuss what is still lacking for their implementation into the clinic.
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