Passive joint forces are tuned to limb use in insects and drive movements without motor activity.
Passive joint forces are tuned to limb use in insects and drive movements without motor activity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.024
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发表时间：
2013-08-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Matheson, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ache, Jan M.;Matheson, Thomas
肢体运动通常由主动肌肉收缩驱动，主动肌肉收缩与肌肉和其他结构中产生的被动力一起工作或对抗被动力。在相对较重的肢体中，重力和惯性的影响占主导地位，而在较轻的肢体中，肢体固有的被动力具有更大的影响。由肌肉和肌腱产生的被动力的作用是很好理解的，但是很少有人认识到源自关节本身的力也可能是重要的，更少有人认识到这些关节力可以通过进化来补充作用在同一关节处的主动肌肉力。我们研究了昆虫腿的被动关节力的作用与不同的安排拮抗肌。我们首先表明，被动力量修改主动产生的运动的关节在其工作范围内，他们可以足够强大，以产生完全被动的运动，比观察到的主动运动的自然行为。我们进一步证明，这些力量中的一些起源于联合本身。在适应不同用途（行走、跳跃）的不同物种的腿中，这些被动关节力补充了作用于关节的拮抗肌的力量平衡。我们表明，被动关节力量更强，他们协助两个拮抗肌较弱。在肢体中，一个关键行为的指令会产生肌肉力量的不对称，被动关节力可以相互适应，以提供有效产生其他行为所需的平衡。肢体运动由关节内产生的被动力辅助功能性循环运动可以由单个运动神经元产生关节力与跨物种拮抗肌的力量相匹配被动关节特性可以将力从较强的肌肉传递到较弱的肌肉
Limb movements are generally driven by active muscular contractions working with and against passive forces arising in muscles and other structures. In relatively heavy limbs, the effects of gravity and inertia predominate, whereas in lighter limbs, passive forces intrinsic to the limb are of greater consequence. The roles of passive forces generated by muscles and tendons are well understood, but there has been little recognition that forces originating within joints themselves may also be important, and less still that these joint forces may be adapted through evolution to complement active muscle forces acting at the same joint. We examined the roles of passive joint forces in insect legs with different arrangements of antagonist muscles. We first show that passive forces modify actively generated movements of a joint across its working range, and that they can be sufficiently strong to generate completely passive movements that are faster than active movements observed in natural behaviors. We further demonstrate that some of these forces originate within the joint itself. In legs of different species adapted to different uses (walking, jumping), these passive joint forces complement the balance of strength of the antagonist muscles acting on the joint. We show that passive joint forces are stronger where they assist the weaker of two antagonist muscles. In limbs where the dictates of a key behavior produce asymmetry in muscle forces, passive joint forces can be coadapted to provide the balance needed for the effective generation of other behaviors. Limb movements are assisted by passive forces arising within joints Functional cyclic movements can be generated by a single motor neuron Joint forces are matched to the strength of antagonist muscles across species Passive joint properties can transfer force from a stronger to a weaker muscle
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Dudek, DM;Full, RJ
通讯作者：
Full, RJ
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
ALEXANDER, RM;BENNETCLARK, HC
通讯作者：
BENNETCLARK, HC
影响因子：
2
作者：
Neff, D;Frazier, SF;Zill, S
通讯作者：
Zill, S
DOI：
10.1007/s003590050374
发表时间：
1999-08-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Frazier, SF;Larsen, GS;Zill, SN
通讯作者：
Zill, SN
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Cofer, D.;Cymbalyuk, G.;Edwards, D. H.
通讯作者：
Edwards, D. H.