Automatic ultrarapid activation and inhibition of cortical motor systems in spoken word comprehension
Automatic ultrarapid activation and inhibition of cortical motor systems in spoken word comprehension
复制标题
口语理解中皮质运动系统的自动超快速激活和抑制
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
T. Stroganova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Shtyrov;A. Butorina;A. Nikolaeva;T. Stroganova
意义 我们的大脑通过简单的感觉和运动事件产生复杂的认知感知的机制仍然未知。一个重要的问题是控制运动和感知的基本大脑结构是否直接参与语言理解等高阶认知过程。利用神经生理学，我们发现人类运动皮层会超快（从~80毫秒开始）激活，以响应无人注意的与动作相关的动词和名词，与不同身体部位相关的单词会激活相应的身体表征。伴随这种特定类别的活动的是具有区域不兼容含义的单词的激活抑制，展示了语言处理中横向/周围抑制的神经生理学原理的运作。在缺乏注意力的情况下，不同类型的单词出现的这些即时激活和失活提倡神经感觉运动回路自动参与语言理解。为了解决运动系统参与语言理解这一备受争议的问题，我们记录了无人参与的与动作相关的口语动词和名词在人脑中引起的神经磁反应，并仔细检查了它们的时间过程和神经解剖学基础。我们发现，很早的时候，从消歧点后大约 80 毫秒开始，当单词可以从可用的声学信息中识别出来时，动词和名词都在运动带中产生了特征性的躯体激活，与不同身体部位相关的单词激活了相应的身体表征。引人注目的是，除了这种特定于类别的激活之外，我们还观察到语义不兼容的竞争词对运动皮层激活的抑制，记录了神经词处理中横向/周围抑制的神经生理学原理的操作。这些激活和失活的发生极早，它们在没有注意的情况下出现，以及它们对不同词汇类别的单词的相似存在强烈表明运动特异性回路自动参与动作相关语言的感知。
Significance The mechanisms through which our brain generates complex cognitive percepts from simple sensory and motor events remain unknown. An important question is whether the basic brain structures controlling movements and perceptions directly participate in higher-order cognitive processes such as language comprehension. Using neurophysiology, we found ultrarapid (starting at ∼80 ms) activations in the human motor cortex in response to unattended action-related verbs and nouns, with words related to different body parts activating corresponding body representations. Accompanying this category-specific activity was activation suppression by words with area-incompatible meaning, demonstrating operation of the neurophysiological principles of lateral/surround inhibition in language processing. These instant activations and deactivations emerging for words of different types in the absence of attention advocate automatic involvement of neural sensorimotor circuits in language comprehension. To address the hotly debated question of motor system involvement in language comprehension, we recorded neuromagnetic responses elicited in the human brain by unattended action-related spoken verbs and nouns and scrutinized their timecourse and neuroanatomical substrates. We found that already very early on, from ∼80 ms after disambiguation point when the words could be identified from the available acoustic information, both verbs and nouns produced characteristic somatotopic activations in the motor strip, with words related to different body parts activating the corresponding body representations. Strikingly, along with this category-specific activation, we observed suppression of motor-cortex activation by competitor words with incompatible semantics, documenting operation of the neurophysiological principles of lateral/surround inhibition in neural word processing. The extremely early onset of these activations and deactivations, their emergence in the absence of attention, and their similar presence for words of different lexical classes strongly suggest automatic involvement of motor-specific circuits in the perception of action-related language.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.11.4957
发表时间：
1993-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
DAMASIO, AR;TRANEL, D
通讯作者：
TRANEL, D
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Natalie M. Trumpp;Daniel Kliese;K. Hoenig;T. Haarmeier;M. Kiefer
通讯作者：
Natalie M. Trumpp;Daniel Kliese;K. Hoenig;T. Haarmeier;M. Kiefer