On the intrinsic curvature of animal whiskers.
On the intrinsic curvature of animal whiskers.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0269210
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
面部触须（胡须）是细的，锥形的，柔性的，毛发状的结构，是许多哺乳动物触觉感官信息的重要来源。与昆虫的触角不同，触须沿着长度方向没有感应器。相反，当胡须接触物体时，所产生的变形被传递到胡须基部的毛囊中的机械感受器。先前的工作已经表明，机械信号沿着晶须传输将强烈依赖于晶须的几何参数，特别是其锥度（直径如何随弧长变化）和晶须弯曲的方式，通常称为“固有曲率”。虽然以前的研究在如何定义锥度上基本达成一致，但已使用多种方法来量化固有曲率。目前的工作比较和对比不同的数学方法来量化这一重要参数。我们开始回顾和澄清的定义“内曲率”，然后显示的结果拟合晶须形状与几个不同的功能，包括多项式，分数指数，椭圆，和切萨罗。比较是在10种有胡须的动物，从啮齿动物到鳍足动物。最后，我们讨论了在不同建模情况下使用各种模型的优点和缺点。分数指数模型提供了一种方法，对开发一个物种的具体参数，以表征晶须形状内的一个物种。构建胡须曲线的模型对于建立触觉感知获取行为的机械模型、比较进化、形态学和解剖学的研究以及设计能够开始模仿动物胡须触觉感知的人工系统是重要的。
Facial vibrissae (whiskers) are thin, tapered, flexible, hair-like structures that are an important source of tactile sensory information for many species of mammals. In contrast to insect antennae, whiskers have no sensors along their lengths. Instead, when a whisker touches an object, the resulting deformation is transmitted to mechanoreceptors in a follicle at the whisker base. Previous work has shown that the mechanical signals transmitted along the whisker will depend strongly on the whisker’s geometric parameters, specifically on its taper (how diameter varies with arc length) and on the way in which the whisker curves, often called “intrinsic curvature.” Although previous studies have largely agreed on how to define taper, multiple methods have been used to quantify intrinsic curvature. The present work compares and contrasts different mathematical approaches towards quantifying this important parameter. We begin by reviewing and clarifying the definition of “intrinsic curvature,” and then show results of fitting whisker shapes with several different functions, including polynomial, fractional exponent, elliptical, and Cesàro. Comparisons are performed across ten species of whiskered animals, ranging from rodents to pinnipeds. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using the various models for different modeling situations. The fractional exponent model offers an approach towards developing a species-specific parameter to characterize whisker shapes within a species. Constructing models of how the whisker curves is important for the creation of mechanical models of tactile sensory acquisition behaviors, for studies of comparative evolution, morphology, and anatomy, and for designing artificial systems that can begin to emulate the whisker-based tactile sensing of animals.
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