Distinct lipid membrane interaction and uptake of differentially charged nanoplastics in bacteria.
Distinct lipid membrane interaction and uptake of differentially charged nanoplastics in bacteria.
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细菌中不同的脂质膜相互作用和不同电荷纳米塑料的吸收
DOI：
10.1186/s12951-022-01321-z
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发表时间：
2022-04-15
影响因子：
10.2
通讯作者：
Tian, Bing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai, Shang;Ye, Rui;Huang, Jianxiang;Wang, Binqiang;Xie, Zhenming;Ou, Xinwen;Yu, Ning;Huang, Cheng;Hua, Yuejin;Zhou, Ruhong;Tian, Bing
纳米塑料近年来被发现广泛分布在我们的自然环境中，无处不在的细菌是各种物质循环的主要参与者。了解纳米塑料如何与细菌细胞膜相互作用对于掌握其吸收过程以及分析其对生态系统和人类微生物群的相关风险至关重要。然而，人们对不同电荷的纳米塑料与细菌的详细相互作用知之甚少。本文从实验和理论两方面论证了纳米塑料进入细菌内部取决于表面电荷和细胞包膜结构特征，并证明了膜脂对纳米塑料的屏蔽作用。带正电荷的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS- nh2, 80 nm）可以有效地跨细胞膜转运，而带负电荷的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS- cooh）和中性聚苯乙烯纳米塑料的转运效果几乎为零或低得多。分子动力学模拟表明，PS-NH2与细菌膜表现出更有利的静电相互作用，并通过膜渗透被内化。带正电的纳米塑料通过形成膜孔破坏革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌的细胞包膜，而进入革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌时包膜相对完整。积累的带正电荷的纳米塑料通过诱导更高水平的活性氧（ROS）来传递更多的细胞应激。然而，随后释放的膜脂包覆的纳米塑料对细胞几乎是无毒的，同样地，被人工脂层包裹的隐形细菌对带正电的纳米塑料变得不那么敏感，从而说明膜脂可以屏蔽带正电的纳米塑料和细胞之间的强相互作用。我们的研究结果阐明了纳米塑料在细菌内部相互作用和积累的分子机制，并暗示了膜脂对有毒纳米塑料的屏蔽和内化作用可以促进细菌进行潜在的塑料生物修复。在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1186/s12951-022-01321-z获得。
Nanoplastics have been recently found widely distributed in our natural environment where ubiquitously bacteria are major participants in various material cycles. Understanding how nanoplastics interact with bacterial cell membrane is critical to grasp their uptake processes as well as to analyze their associated risks in ecosystems and human microflora. However, little is known about the detailed interaction of differentially charged nanoplastics with bacteria. The present work experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that nanoplastics enter into bacteria depending on the surface charges and cell envelope structural features, and proved the shielding role of membrane lipids against nanoplastics. Positively charged polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2, 80 nm) can efficiently translocate across cell membranes, while negatively charged PS (PS-COOH) and neutral PS show almost no or much less efficacy in translocation. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the PS-NH2 displayed more favourable electrostatic interactions with bacterial membranes and was subjected to internalisation through membrane penetration. The positively charged nanoplastics destroy cell envelope of Gram-positive B. subtilis by forming membrane pore, while enter into the Gram-negative E. coli with a relatively intact envelope. The accumulated positively charged nanoplastics conveyed more cell stress by inducing a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the subsequently released membrane lipid-coated nanoplastics were nearly nontoxic to cells, and like wise, stealthy bacteria wrapped up with artifical lipid layers became less sensitive to the positively charged nanoplastics, thereby illustrating that the membrane lipid can shield the strong interaction between the positively charged nanoplastics and cells. Our findings elucidated the molecular mechanism of nanoplastics’ interaction and accumulation within bacteria, and implied the shielding and internalization effect of membrane lipid on toxic nanoplastics could promote bacteria for potential plastic bioremediation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01321-z.
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