Investigating Interruptions: Implications for Flightdeck Performance

Investigating Interruptions: Implications for Flightdeck Performance
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调查中断:对驾驶舱性能的影响

DOI:
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发表时间:
1999
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Kara A. LatorellaLangley
Kara A. LatorellaLangley
中科院分区:
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作者:
Kara A. LatorellaLangley

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多任务管理的一个基本方面是关注新的刺激,并将相关的任务要求整合到一个正在进行的任务集中;这就是“中断管理”(IM)。坊间证据和实地研究表明,干扰的频率和后果,然而,影响即时通讯的机制的实验研究很少。商业飞行甲板上的干扰事件数不胜数,形式多样,在许多航空事件和事故报告中都被列为促成因素。这项研究的基础是在提出的IM级模型中进行飞行甲板干扰的实验研究。该模型组织了基础研究,识别了影响机制,并为IM提出了适当的依赖措施。14名航空公司飞行员参加了一项飞行甲板模拟实验,以考察执行中断任务和中断程序的一般影响,以及特定任务因素的影响:(1)情态;(2)中断的嵌入性或目标水平;(3)中断任务之间的联系强度或耦合强度;(4)语义相似性;(5)环境压力。干扰的总体影响是非常强烈的。除“相似性”外,所有个体任务因素对中断管理都有显著影响。结果扩展了中断管理模型,并解释了它们对中断的飞行甲板性能的影响以及减轻其对飞行甲板的影响的干预策略。
A fundamental aspect of multiple task management is attending to new stimuli and integrating associated task requirements into an ongoing task set; this is "interruption management" (IM). Anecdotal evidence and field studies indicate the frequency and consequences of interruptions, however experimental investigations of mechanisms influencing IM are scarce. Interruptions on commercial flightdecks are numerous, of various forms, and have been cited as contributing factors in many aviation incident and accident reports. This research grounds an experimental investigation of flight deck interruptions in a proposed IM stage model. This model organizes basic research, identifies influencing mechanisms, and suggests appropriate dependent measures for IM. Fourteen airline pilots participated in a flightdeck simulation experiment to investigate the general effects of performing an interrupting task and interrupted procedure, and the effects of specific task factors: (1) modality; (2) embeddedness, or goal-level, of an interruption; (3) strength of association, or coupling-strength, between interrupted tasks; (4) semantic similarity; and (5) environmental stress. General effects of interruptions were extremely robust. All individual task factors significantly affected interruption management, except "similarity." Results extend the Interruption Management model, and are interpreted for their implications for interrupted flightdeck performance and intervention strategies for mitigating their effects on the flightdeck.
DOI: --
发表时间: 1977
期刊: --
影响因子: --
作者:
W. Schneider;R. Shiffrin
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DOI: 10.1037//0096-1523.19.3.676
发表时间: 1993
期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
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DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.73.4.621
发表时间: 1988-11-01
影响因子: 9.9
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影响因子: 2.1
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