Paired Stimulation to Promote Lasting Augmentation of Corticospinal Circuits.

Paired Stimulation to Promote Lasting Augmentation of Corticospinal Circuits.
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DOI:
10.1155/2016/7043767
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Carmel JB
Carmel JB
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harel NY;Carmel JB

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损伤后,电刺激神经系统可通过局部调制增强备用或潜伏回路的可塑性。备用电路的两个部分的配对刺激可以更具体地针对预期电路进行调制。我们讨论3种配对刺激的背景下,皮质脊髓系统,因为它的重要性,在临床神经康复。第一种使用赫布可塑性原则:通过改变突触前神经元及其突触后靶点的刺激时间,可以上调或下调突触功能。第二种形式使用同步的突触前输入到一个共同的突触目标。我们称之为“收敛”机制,因为刺激必须以协调的时间收敛于一个共同的目标。第三种形式通过一个区域(例如,脊髓)在另一个(例如,运动皮层)。此外,内源性神经活动可以与外源性电刺激配对。本文综述了已知的人类和动物模型的皮质脊髓系统的配对刺激,强调它是如何定性不同于单部位刺激,并讨论了知识的差距,必须解决,以最大限度地提高其使用和疗效的神经康复。
After injury, electrical stimulation of the nervous system can augment plasticity of spared or latent circuits through focal modulation. Pairing stimulation of two parts of a spared circuit can target modulation more specifically to the intended circuit. We discuss 3 kinds of paired stimulation in the context of the corticospinal system, because of its importance in clinical neurorehabilitation. The first uses principles of Hebbian plasticity: by altering the stimulation timing of presynaptic neurons and their postsynaptic targets, synapse function can be modulated up or down. The second form uses synchronized presynaptic inputs onto a common synaptic target. We dub this a “convergent” mechanism, because stimuli have to converge on a common target with coordinated timing. The third form induces focal modulation by tonic excitation of one region (e.g., the spinal cord) during phasic stimulation of another (e.g., motor cortex). Additionally, endogenous neural activity may be paired with exogenous electrical stimulation. This review addresses what is known about paired stimulation of the corticospinal system of both humans and animal models, emphasizes how it qualitatively differs from single-site stimulation, and discusses the gaps in knowledge that must be addressed to maximize its use and efficacy in neurorehabilitation.
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