Stressed snails release Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) larvae in their slime.
Stressed snails release Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) larvae in their slime.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100658
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发表时间：
2023-12
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Cowie, Robert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rollins, Randi L.;Medeiros, Matthew C. I.;Cowie, Robert H.
本研究探讨胁迫对马氏副睾吸虫释放广州管圆线虫幼虫的影响。我们对140只感染的野生捕获的马氏疟原虫进行了24 h的三种应激诱导处理（热、杀螺剂、物理干扰）和非应激对照处理，之后通过针对寄生虫DNA的ITS 1区域的qPCR定量粘液中的幼虫存在和丰度，并在处理之间进行比较。通过广义线性混合模型和排列检验，确定了压力和宿主感染负荷对幼虫释放的显著性。结果表明，应激显著增加了粘液中存在幼虫的概率和释放幼虫的数量，并且高度感染的蜗牛也更容易释放幼虫。在强调蜗牛，13.3%的幼虫释放到粘液，粘液中存在的幼虫数量从45.5到4216不等。未应激的对照没有释放幼虫。这项研究提供了一个部分的解释，从以前的研究关于A。广东钉螺在蜗牛粘液中的存在，并揭示了更广泛的一个健康的影响。应激诱导的幼虫释放突出了粘液作为病原体传播到偶然的、寄生的、确定的和其他中间宿主的媒介的潜在作用。这些发现强调了考虑宿主-寄生虫系统中压力介导的相互作用及其对人畜共患病出现的影响的重要性。随着人类活动和气候变化导致的压力源不断升级，了解压力在病原体脱落和传播中的作用对于在“一个健康”框架内保护人类和野生动物健康变得越来越重要。应激诱导大鼠肺线虫幼虫从蜗牛释放到其粘液中。严重感染的蜗牛更有可能释放幼虫。蜗牛粘液可能是传染性幼虫传播给其他宿主的来源。应激介导的宿主-寄生虫相互作用影响疾病传播。在气候变化下，热应激可能会促进疾病传播。
This study investigated the influence of stress on release of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae from a snail host, Parmarion martensi. We subjected 140 infected, wild-caught P. martensi to three stress-inducing treatments (heat, molluscicide, physical disturbance) and an unstressed control treatment for 24 h, after which larval presence and abundance in the slime were quantified by qPCR targeting the ITS1 region of the parasite's DNA, and compared among treatments. The significance of stress and host infection load on larval release was determined by generalized linear mixed models and permutation tests. The results indicated that stress significantly increased the probability of larval presence in slime and the number of larvae released, and highly infected snails were also more likely to release larvae. Among stressed snails, 13.3% released larvae into slime, the number of larvae present in the slime ranging from 45.5 to 4216. Unstressed controls released no larvae. This study offers a partial explanation for conflicting results from prior studies regarding A. cantonensis presence in snail slime and sheds light on the broader One Health implications. Stress-induced larval release highlights the potential role of slime as a medium for pathogen transmission to accidental, paratenic, definitive and other intermediate hosts. These findings emphasize the importance of considering stress-mediated interactions in host-parasite systems and their implications for zoonotic disease emergence. As stressors continue to escalate because of anthropogenic activities and climate change, understanding the role of stress in pathogen shedding and transmission becomes increasingly important for safeguarding human and wildlife health within the One Health framework. Stress induces release of rat lungworm larvae from snails into their slime. Heavily infected snails are more likely to release larvae. Snail slime may be a source for transmission of infectious larvae to other hosts. Stress mediated host-parasite interactions influence disease transmisison. Heat stress may facilitate disease spread under climate change.
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