How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection.

How DNA and RNA Viruses Exploit Host Chaperones to Promote Infection.
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DNA和RNA病毒如何利用宿主伴侣来促进感染。

DOI:
10.3390/v13060958
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发表时间:
2021-05-21
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tsai B
Tsai B
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Speckhart K;Williams JM;Tsai B

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为了引发感染,病毒通常通过受体依赖的内吞作用进入宿主细胞。然后它穿透亚细胞膜,到达一个支持病毒基因组转录、翻译和复制的位置。这些步骤导致新的病毒子代的组装和形态发生。成熟的病毒最终离开宿主细胞,开始下一个感染周期。引人注目的是,病毒劫持宿主分子伴侣来完成这些不同的进入步骤。在此我们强调包括多瘤病毒和人乳头瘤病毒在内的DNA病毒如何利用可溶性和膜相关的分子伴侣进入细胞,在感染过程中穿透和逃离细胞内膜。我们还描述了包括黄病毒和冠状病毒在内的RNA病毒如何选择利用胞质和细胞器选择性的分子伴侣来促进病毒内吞、蛋白质生物合成、复制和组装的机制。这些例子强调了宿主分子伴侣在病毒感染过程中的重要性,可能揭示出对抗病毒诱导疾病的新型抗病毒策略。
To initiate infection, a virus enters a host cell typically via receptor-dependent endocytosis. It then penetrates a subcellular membrane, reaching a destination that supports transcription, translation, and replication of the viral genome. These steps lead to assembly and morphogenesis of the new viral progeny. The mature virus finally exits the host cell to begin the next infection cycle. Strikingly, viruses hijack host molecular chaperones to accomplish these distinct entry steps. Here we highlight how DNA viruses, including polyomavirus and the human papillomavirus, exploit soluble and membrane-associated chaperones to enter a cell, penetrating and escaping an intracellular membrane en route for infection. We also describe the mechanism by which RNA viruses—including flavivirus and coronavirus—co-opt cytosolic and organelle-selective chaperones to promote viral endocytosis, protein biosynthesis, replication, and assembly. These examples underscore the importance of host chaperones during virus infection, potentially revealing novel antiviral strategies to combat virus-induced diseases.
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