Neurotransmitters in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Mediating Cardiovascular Function

Neurotransmitters in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Mediating Cardiovascular Function
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孤束核中的神经递质介导心血管功能

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发表时间:
2004
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
H. Sapru
H. Sapru
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作者:
H. Sapru

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孤束核(nTS)在心血管功能调节中的重要性早已为人所知。然而,该区域不同神经递质在调节心血管功能中的作用才刚刚开始被描述。颈动脉化学感受器传入神经主要终止于 nTS 连合亚核中菖蒲周围的中线区域,而压力感受器和心肺感受器传入神经则终止于化学感受器投射部位更靠近喙部和侧面的区域。人们普遍认为谷氨酸是 nTS 中压力感受器、心肺和化学感受器传入末端释放的神经递质。然而,胆碱能、GABA 能和阿片能机制也存在于 nTS 中。 nTS 中谷氨酸能和胆碱能机制的激活会引发降压反应,而 GABA 能和阿片能机制的激活会引发升压反应。尽管胆碱能、GABA能和阿片能nTS机制在调节心血管功能中的确切生理作用仍有待阐明,但人们普遍认为这些机制可能在nTS中发挥神经调节作用。
The importance of the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) in the regulation of cardiovascular function has been known for a long time. However, the role of different neurotransmitters in this region in mediating cardiovascular functions is just beginning to be delineated. The carotid chemoreceptor afferents terminate predominantly in a midline area around the calamus scriptorius in the commissural subnucleus of the nTS while the baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary receptor afferents terminate in a region more rostral and lateral to the chemoreceptor projection site. There is a general consensus that glutamate is the neurotransmitter released at the terminals of baroreceptor, cardiopulmonary and chemoreceptor afferents in the nTS. However, cholinergic, GABAergic, and opioidergic mechanisms are also present in the nTS. Activation of glutamatergic and cholinergic mechanisms in the nTS elicits depressor responses while the activation of GABAergic and opioidergic mechanisms elicits pressor responses. Although, the precise physiological role of cholinergic, GABAergic, and opioidergic nTS mechanisms in regulating cardiovascular function remains to be elucidated, there is a general consensus that these mechanisms may play a neuromodulatory role in the nTS.
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