Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis.
Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12870-014-0237-z
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发表时间：
2014-09-09
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Dong H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ji H;Zhu Y;Tian S;Xu M;Tian Y;Li L;Wang H;Hu L;Ji Y;Ge J;Wen W;Dong H
核黄素是黄素单核苷酸（FMN）和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）的前体，它们是催化各种生化反应的许多代谢酶的必需辅因子。以前，我们表明，游离黄素（核黄素，FMN，和FAD）的浓度下降，在转基因拟南芥植物表达的海龟核黄素结合蛋白（RfBP）的叶片。在这里，我们报告说，黄素下调RfBP诱导早期开花表型，并提高了开花促进光周期基因的表达。早期开花是一个偶然的现象，并谨慎地表征为一个恒定的表型的RfBP表达转基因拟南芥植物在长日照和短日照。消除表型时，叶游离黄素被带回到稳态水平，无论是通过RfBP基因沉默，并因此无效的RfBP蛋白的生产，或通过外部核黄素喂养处理。RfBP诱导的早花与促进花的光周期基因和成花素基因FT在叶片中的增强表达相关，但与分配给春化，自主和赤霉素途径的基因无关，这些基因提供了光周期替代的开花调节机制。RfBP诱导的早花进一步与FD基因的表达增加相关，FD基因编码的bZIP转录因子FD开花时间控制和花分生组织的身份基因AP 1在茎尖。相比之下，FT和光周期基因在叶片中的表达和FD和AP 1在茎尖的表达不再增强时，RfBP基因被沉默，RfBP蛋白质的生产取消，和植物叶片内的黄素浓度升高到稳态水平。令牌在一起，我们的研究结果提供了间接的证据表明，下调叶片黄素含量的RfBP诱导早期开花和同步增强的基因，促进开花通过光周期途径。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12870-014-0237-z）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Riboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), essential cofactors for many metabolic enzymes that catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions. Previously we showed that free flavin (riboflavin, FMN, and FAD) concentrations were decreased in leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a turtle riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP). Here, we report that flavin downregulation by RfBP induces the early flowering phenotype and enhances expression of floral promoting photoperiod genes. Early flowering was a serendipitous phenomenon and was prudently characterized as a constant phenotype of RfBP-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants in both long days and short days. The phenotype was eliminated when leaf free flavins were brought back to the steady-state levels either by the RfBP gene silencing and consequently nullified production of the RfBP protein, or by external riboflavin feeding treatment. RfBP-induced early flowering was correlated with enhanced expression of floral promoting photoperiod genes and the florigen gene FT in leaves but not related to genes assigned to vernalization, autonomous, and gibberellin pathways, which provide flowering regulation mechanisms alternative to the photoperiod. RfBP-induced early flowering was further correlated with increased expression of the FD gene encoding bZIP transcription factor FD essential for flowering time control and the floral meristem identity gene AP1 in the shoot apex. By contrast, the expression of FT and photoperiod genes in leaves and the expression of FD and AP1 in the shoot apex were no longer enhanced when the RfBP gene was silenced, RfBP protein production canceled, and flavin concentrations were elevated to the steady-state levels inside plant leaves. Token together, our results provide circumstantial evidence that downregulation of leaf flavin content by RfBP induces early flowering and coincident enhancements of genes that promote flowering through the photoperiod pathway. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0237-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Jaeger, Katja E.;Wigge, Philip A.
通讯作者：
Wigge, Philip A.
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
DAWSON, KR;UNKLESBAY, NF;HEDRICK, HB
通讯作者：
HEDRICK, HB
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1016060108
发表时间：
2011-06-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Singh, Karam B.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
De Souza, Ana Carolina Santos;Kodach, Liudmila;Ferreira, Carmen Verissima
通讯作者：
Ferreira, Carmen Verissima