Progress in methodology. Improved reporter gene assays used to identify ligands acting on orphan seven-transmembrane receptors.

Progress in methodology. Improved reporter gene assays used to identify ligands acting on orphan seven-transmembrane receptors.
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方法论方面的进展。

DOI:
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发表时间:
2003
期刊:
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
C. Owman
C. Owman
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Kotarsky;N. Nilsson;B. Olde;C. Owman

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七种跨膜G蛋白偶联受体通过识别多种配体促进细胞通讯,在生理学中发挥重要作用。更重要的是,它们代表着重要的药物目标。不幸的是,对于这些受体中的许多,内源性配体以及它们的功能仍有待鉴定。这些受体被称为“孤儿”受体。识别激活孤儿受体的配体的一个先决条件是强大的检测系统。到目前为止,报告基因分析还没有在这一过程中得到普遍使用。在这里,我们总结了我们改进的报告基因分析的进展。我们从(I)构建的启动子区域,(Ii)所用的报告酶,(Iii)和检测程序方面优化了报告基因检测。此外,还引入了独特的基于荧光的克隆选择步骤,允许在建立稳定的报告细胞系时快速选择最敏感的报告细胞克隆。当用感兴趣的化合物进行测试时,提供了数学公式以实现不同细胞系之间的简单和可靠的比较。由此产生的报告细胞系对各种测试受体的刺激非常敏感。该报告系统被称为HighTRACE(高通量克隆选举报告分析)。它的高检测质量使其适合作为一种初步的筛选工具。用HighTRACE系统确定了两个最近未知的7TM受体的配体,即两个细胞表面游离脂肪酸受体GPR40(FFA1R)和GPR43(FFA2R)。鉴定是使用反向药理学方法完成的。
Seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors play a central role in physiology by facilitating cell communication through recognition of a wide range of ligands. Even more important, they represent important drug targets. Unfortunately, for many of these receptors the endogenous ligands, and hence their functions, remain to be identified. These receptors are referred to as "orphan" receptors. A pre-requisite for the identification of ligands activating orphan receptors is powerful assay systems. Until now, reporter gene assays have not been in common use in this process. Here, we summarize our development of improved reporter gene assays. We optimized reporter gene assays in respect of (i) the promoter region of the construct, (ii) the reporter enzyme used, (iii) and the assay procedure. Furthermore, an unique fluorescence-based clone selection step was introduced, allowing rapid selection of the most sensitive reporter cell clones when establishing stable reporter cell lines. Mathematical formulae are provided to enable a simple and reliable comparison between different cell lines, when tested with a compound of interest. The resulting reporter cell lines responded in a very sensitive way to the stimulation of various test receptors. The reporter system was termed HighTRACE (high-throughput reporter assay with clone election). Its high assay quality makes it suitable as a primary screening tool. Ligands for two recently unknown 7TM receptors were identified using the HighTRACE system i.e., two cell surface free fatty acid receptors, GPR40 (FFA1R) and GPR43 (FFA2R). The identification was accomplished using a reverse pharmacology approach.
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