Windows into a revolution: ethnographies of Maoism in South Asia

Windows into a revolution: ethnographies of Maoism in South Asia
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革命之窗:南亚毛主义的民族志

DOI:
10.1007/s10624-009-9142-5
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Shah A
Shah A
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shah A

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一条从北部的尼泊尔一直延伸到南部的印度安得拉邦的红色走廊,引起了南亚公众的想象。尽管世界各地的社会主义崩溃和共产主义政府垮台,但在南亚,毛主义运动已经(重新)成为该地区的一支重要力量。印度和尼泊尔动员全国人民进行持久的游击战争,旨在消灭阶级敌人,创建解放区,通过枪杆子夺取国家政权。尼泊尔于1996年2月宣布了一场“人民战争”。目标是推翻旧秩序,其中包括由地主家庭建立的君主制和特权统治,并以新人民民主制取而代之。接下来的几年里,毛派从尼泊尔中西部地区的据点蔓延开来,袭击了尼泊尔皇家军队1,部署了军队,并暂停了民主权力。 2003 年和 2004 年,尼泊尔的失踪人数位居世界首位(人权观察 2004 年),自 1996 年以来已有超过 14,000 人丧生。然而,从 2005 年 11 月起,毛派将正式塑造该国的政治未来,他们与七个主流政党合作,就一项旨在恢复民主的计划达成一致。 2006 年 4 月人民运动取得成功后,贾南德拉国王于 2005 年 2 月发动政变,放弃了权力。 2006年11月,政府和毛派签署和平协议,宣布十年叛乱正式结束。最终,2008 年 4 月,毛派取得了惊人的胜利
A red corridor stretching from Nepal in the North, to the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, in the South, grips the public imagination in South Asia. Despite the collapse of socialism and the demise of communist governments across the world, in South Asia, Maoist movements have (re) emerged as a significant force in the region. India and Nepal have had people across the country mobilised in protracted guerrilla war aimed at annihilating class enemies, creating liberated zones and seizing state power through the barrel of the gun.In Nepal, a ‘People’s War’was declared in February 1996. The objective was to overthrow the old order, which included monarchic and privileged rule by an establishment of landed families and to replace it with a New People’s Democracy. The following years saw the spread of the Maoists from their strongholds in Nepal’s mid-western districts, attacks on the Royal Nepalese Army, 1 the deployment of the army and the suspension of democratic powers. In 2003 and 2004, Nepal had the highest number of disappearances in the world (Human Rights Watch 2004), and more than 14,000 people have lost their lives since 1996. However, from November 2005, the Maoists were set to formally shape the country’s political future as they collaborated with seven mainstream political parties to agree on a programme intended to restore democracy. Following a successful People’s Movement in April 2006, King Gyanendra, who had staged a coup in February 2005, relinquished power. The government and the Maoists signed a peace accord in November 2006, declaring a formal end to the 10-year insurgency. And finally, in April 2008, the Maoists won a stunning victory gaining
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