Inhibitory control of hippocampal inhibitory neurons.
Inhibitory control of hippocampal inhibitory neurons.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2012.00165
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Topolnik L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chamberland S;Topolnik L
神经元网络内的信息处理是由主神经元和局部回路抑制性中间神经元之间的动态伙伴关系决定的。GABA能中间神经元的群体是极其异质的，并且在许多脑区域中包括具有不同形态和生理特性、不同分子表达谱和高度特化功能的细胞。在过去的二十年中，GABA能中间神经元得到了广泛的研究，特别是在海马，这是一个相对简单的皮质结构。不同类型的海马抑制性中间神经元控制尖峰起始[例如，轴突-轴突和篮状细胞（BC）]和突触整合（例如，bisteratively和orients-lacunosum moleculare interneurons）并同步局部网络活动，提供了神经元集合的功能分离和海马信息的正确路由的手段。因此，人们认为，至少在海马中，GABA能抑制性中间神经元代表了从突触整合和尖峰产生到大规模网络活动的信息处理的所有阶段的关键调节元件。然而，这提出了一个重要的问题：如果抑制性中间神经元是网络计算的基础，那么控制中间神经元本身活动的机制是什么？鉴于突触抑制在调节神经元活动中的重要作用，合乎逻辑的是，预计已经进化出特定的抑制机制来控制中间神经元的操作。本文就中间神经元的突触抑制机制及其在海马抑制回路中的作用进行综述。
Information processing within neuronal networks is determined by a dynamic partnership between principal neurons and local circuit inhibitory interneurons. The population of GABAergic interneurons is extremely heterogeneous and comprises, in many brain regions, cells with divergent morphological and physiological properties, distinct molecular expression profiles, and highly specialized functions. GABAergic interneurons have been studied extensively during the past two decades, especially in the hippocampus, which is a relatively simple cortical structure. Different types of hippocampal inhibitory interneurons control spike initiation [e.g., axo-axonic and basket cells (BCs)] and synaptic integration (e.g., bistratified and oriens–lacunosum moleculare interneurons) within pyramidal neurons and synchronize local network activity, providing a means for functional segregation of neuronal ensembles and proper routing of hippocampal information. Thus, it is thought that, at least in the hippocampus, GABAergic inhibitory interneurons represent critical regulating elements at all stages of information processing, from synaptic integration and spike generation to large-scale network activity. However, this raises an important question: if inhibitory interneurons are fundamental for network computations, what are the mechanisms that control the activity of the interneurons themselves? Given the essential role of synaptic inhibition in the regulation of neuronal activity, it would be logical to expect that specific inhibitory mechanisms have evolved to control the operation of interneurons. Here, we review the mechanisms of synaptic inhibition of interneurons and discuss their role in the operation of hippocampal inhibitory circuits.
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