Modeling optimal windbreak design in maize fields in cool humid climates: Balancing between positive and negative effects on yield
Modeling optimal windbreak design in maize fields in cool humid climates: Balancing between positive and negative effects on yield
复制标题
凉爽潮湿气候下玉米田最佳防风林设计的建模：平衡对产量的正面和负面影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108552
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Abe Tomoyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iwasaki Kenta;Torita Hiroyuki;Touze Marie;Wada Hideo;Abe Tomoyuki
树木防风林对作物产量的净变化是保护区的收益与竞争区的损失之差。以前的模拟研究模拟了防风林对作物产量的积极或消极影响。然而，这两种效应都应该被考虑，以确定最佳的防风林结构。我们开发了一个简单的基于过程的模型，用于估计在冷湿气候条件下防风林结构对玉米产量的影响。在该模型中，既考虑了由于土壤温度升高而促进生长速率的产量增加，又考虑了由于遮荫而造成的产量损失。在日本北方的北海道，玉米田间测量模型进行了验证。与10-11 H相比，保护区（3-5 H; H =防风高度）4年的玉米平均整株产量和籽粒产量分别高4%和5%，而竞争区（0.5-1 H）分别低22%和30%。防风林对产量的正效应和负效应可以用我们的模型进行充分估计。与露地相比，整个田间的净效益估计为2-3%，全株和谷粒分别为6-11%。最大限度地降低风速的防风林设计并不一定能最大限度地提高防风林对玉米产量的效益。即使在相同的气象条件下，建议的最佳总面积密度也因防风林方向而异。对于高度大于5-15 m的防风林，由于遮荫作用较大，西侧和西南侧的最佳总面积密度低于南侧。这些结果表明，应考虑正负效应之间的平衡，优化每个田地的防风高度和孔隙度。我们的模型提供了一个框架，以确定最适合每个领域的防风林设计。
The net change in crop yield imparted by tree windbreaks is the difference between the gain in the sheltered zone and loss in the competition zone. Previous modeling studies have simulated either positive or negative windbreak effects on crop yield. However, both effects should be considered to determine the optimal windbreak structure. We developed a simple process-based model for estimating the effects of windbreak structure on maize yield in cool humid climates. In this model, both yield gain due to growth rate promotion resulting from increased soil temperature, and yield loss due to shading were considered. The model was validated with maize field measurements in Hokkaido, northern Japan. The average maize whole plant and grain yield for four years were 4% and 5% greater in the sheltered zone (3–5 H; H = windbreak height) and 22% and 30% lower in the competition zone (0.5–1 H), respectively, than 10–11 H. The positive and negative windbreak effects on yield could be adequately estimated using our model. Compared to an open field, the net benefit throughout the field was estimated to be 2–3% and 6–11% for whole plant and grain, respectively. The windbreak design that maximized the wind speed reduction did not necessarily maximize the windbreak benefit on maize yield. The proposed optimal total area density differed depending on the windbreak orientation, even under the same meteorological conditions. For windbreaks taller than 5–15 m, those oriented on the west and southwest sides had lower optimal total area density than windbreaks on the south side due to greater shading effects. These results indicate that windbreak height and porosity should be optimized for each field considering the balance between positive and negative effects. Our model provides a framework for determining the windbreak design best suited for each field.
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj1966.00021962005800020008x
发表时间：
1966
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ronald R. Johnson;K. Mcclure;L. Johnson;E. W. Klosterman;G. Triplett
通讯作者：
G. Triplett
澳大利亚东南部低降雨量巷道耕作系统中的用水、竞争和作物生产
DOI：
10.1071/ar03049
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Unkovich;K. Blott;A. Knight;I. Mock;A. Rab;M. Portelli
通讯作者：
M. Portelli
背风防风林表面风速水平分布的半经验模型
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
F. Yuan;Jiabing Wu;An;D. Guan;Yu;Kavita Irene Rajah;Xiaofeng Xu
通讯作者：
Xiaofeng Xu
塑料覆盖物、播种日期和品种对北爱尔兰边缘气候条件下种植的饲用玉米产量和成熟度的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Easson;Fearnehough
通讯作者：
Fearnehough
种植和收获日期对饲用玉米产量、质量和发育的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
N. A. Fairey
通讯作者：
N. A. Fairey