Characterization of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) from the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States1
Characterization of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) from the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States1
复制标题
美国大西洋中部地区 Dinophys spp.（甲藻纲、甲藻目）的特征1
作者：
J. Wolny;T. Egerton;Sara M. Handy;Whitney L. Stutts;Juliette L. Smith;Edward B. Whereat;T. Bachvaroff;D. Henrichs;L. Campbell;Jonathan Deeds
由于甲藻属的流行程度不断增加。近年来，由于在美国每个海岸都发现了它们的毒素，因此，识别和监测有问题的甲藻种群的必要性变得显而易见。在这里，我们提出了形态分析，使用光镜和扫描电子显微镜，rDNA序列分析，使用~2-kb的核糖体ITS 1，5.8S，ITS 2和LSU DNA序列，在大西洋中部河口和沿海沃茨从弗吉尼亚州到新泽西，以更好地描述当地种群的甲藻。此外，我们使用液相色谱串联质谱法和体外蛋白磷酸酶抑制试验分析了水华期间收集的水和贝类样品中的贝类毒素，并将此数据与大西洋中部甲藻培养物产生的毒素谱进行了比较。在中大西洋表面沃茨记录了三种不同的形态种：D。acuminata、尖叶拟谷盗D. norvegica和“小甲藻属（Dinophysis sp.）”基于形态测量数据的多变量分析，其在形态上不同，但在遗传上与D.渐尖的而大西洋中部的D acuminata不能与其他种区分。acuminata-complex（D.卵和D.来自西地中海的球囊）使用所选择的分子标记，可以基于形态计量学来区分。冈田酸，甲藻毒素1和果胶毒素2在大西洋中部地区甲藻水华期间的过滤水和贝类样品中发现，以及在当地分离的D。acuminata培养然而，DSP毒素超过监管指导浓度只有几次在研究期间，只有在非商业贝类样品。
Due to the increasing prevalence of Dinophysis spp. and their toxins on every US coast in recent years, the need to identify and monitor for problematic Dinophysis populations has become apparent. Here, we present morphological analyses, using light and scanning electron microscopy, and rDNA sequence analysis, using a ~2‐kb sequence of ribosomal ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and LSU DNA, of Dinophysis collected in mid‐Atlantic estuarine and coastal waters from Virginia to New Jersey to better characterize local populations. In addition, we analyzed for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in water and shellfish samples collected during blooms using liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and an in vitro protein phosphatase inhibition assay and compared this data to a toxin profile generated from a mid‐Atlantic Dinophysis culture. Three distinct morphospecies were documented in mid‐Atlantic surface waters: D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and a “small Dinophysis sp.” that was morphologically distinct based on multivariate analysis of morphometric data but was genetically consistent with D. acuminata. While mid‐Atlantic D. acuminata could not be distinguished from the other species in the D. acuminata‐complex (D. ovum from the Gulf of Mexico and D. sacculus from the western Mediterranean Sea) using the molecular markers chosen, it could be distinguished based on morphometrics. Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1, and pectenotoxin 2 were found in filtered water and shellfish samples during Dinophysis blooms in the mid‐Atlantic region, as well as in a locally isolated D. acuminata culture. However, DSP toxins exceeded regulatory guidance concentrations only a few times during the study period and only in noncommercial shellfish samples.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Fux, Elie;Smith, Juliette L.;Anderson, Donald M.
通讯作者：
Anderson, Donald M.