Overweight people have low levels of implicit weight bias, but overweight nations have high levels of implicit weight bias.
Overweight people have low levels of implicit weight bias, but overweight nations have high levels of implicit weight bias.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0083543
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nosek BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marini M;Sriram N;Schnabel K;Maliszewski N;Devos T;Ekehammar B;Wiers R;HuaJian C;Somogyi M;Shiomura K;Schnall S;Neto F;Bar-Anan Y;Vianello M;Ayala A;Dorantes G;Park J;Kesebir S;Pereira A;Tulbure B;Ortner T;Stepanikova I;Greenwald AG;Nosek BA
尽管个人肥胖程度越高，在外在(即自我报告)和隐性(即间接行为)指标上对超重者的负面情绪都较弱，但超重者平均而言仍然更喜欢苗条的人。我们调查了国家和文化背景--特别是全国肥胖率--是否独立于个人身份和体重状况预测了人们对超重者的态度。数据收集自2006年5月至2010年10月期间隐含项目网站(https://implicit.harvard.edu/))上来自71个国家的22种不同语言的338,121名公民的总样本。我们在个人(即跨个人)和国家(即跨国家)水平上调查了外显和内隐体重偏差与肥胖的关系。外显的体重偏向是用超重和瘦人之间的自我报告偏好来评估的；内隐的体重偏向是用内隐联想测验(IAT)来测量的。通过平均每个国家的个人得分，得到了国家对显性和隐性体重偏差的估计。个人层面的肥胖定义为身体质量指数(BMI)得分，而国家层面的肥胖定义为从公开数据库获得的三个国家体重指标(国家BMI、全国超重和体重不足者的百分比)。就个人而言，与瘦人相比，肥胖程度越高，对超重者的内隐负面情绪越弱。相比之下，在全国范围内，与瘦人相比，国家肥胖程度越高，对超重者的内隐负面情绪越强。这一结果表明，在个人和国家层面上，肥胖与内隐体重偏差之间存在不同的关系。
Although a greater degree of personal obesity is associated with weaker negativity toward overweight people on both explicit (i.e., self-report) and implicit (i.e., indirect behavioral) measures, overweight people still prefer thin people on average. We investigated whether the national and cultural context – particularly the national prevalence of obesity – predicts attitudes toward overweight people independent of personal identity and weight status. Data were collected from a total sample of 338,121 citizens from 71 nations in 22 different languages on the Project Implicit website (https://implicit.harvard.edu/) between May 2006 and October 2010. We investigated the relationship of the explicit and implicit weight bias with the obesity both at the individual (i.e., across individuals) and national (i.e., across nations) level. Explicit weight bias was assessed with self-reported preference between overweight and thin people; implicit weight bias was measured with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The national estimates of explicit and implicit weight bias were obtained by averaging the individual scores for each nation. Obesity at the individual level was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) scores, whereas obesity at the national level was defined as three national weight indicators (national BMI, national percentage of overweight and underweight people) obtained from publicly available databases. Across individuals, greater degree of obesity was associated with weaker implicit negativity toward overweight people compared to thin people. Across nations, in contrast, a greater degree of national obesity was associated with stronger implicit negativity toward overweight people compared to thin people. This result indicates a different relationship between obesity and implicit weight bias at the individual and national levels.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Greenwald, AG;Nosek, BA;Banaji, MR
通讯作者：
Banaji, MR
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Greenwald, AG;McGhee, DE;Schwartz, JLK
通讯作者：
Schwartz, JLK
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
FURNHAM, A
通讯作者：
FURNHAM, A
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
LERNER, MJ;MILLER, DT
通讯作者：
MILLER, DT
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Anderson-Fye, EP
通讯作者：
Anderson-Fye, EP