Forty years of declining burglary in the United States: Explanation and evidence relating to the security hypothesis

Forty years of declining burglary in the United States: Explanation and evidence relating to the security hypothesis
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美国入室盗窃案下降四十年:与安全假说相关的解释和证据

DOI:
10.1057/s41284-021-00284-4
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
1.2
通讯作者:
Farrell G
Farrell G
中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Farrell G

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在过去的四十年里,美国的住宅盗窃下降了80%以上,这是一个主要的社会现象,在很大程度上仍然无法解释。国际研究表明,需要对安全假设进行调查。在这里,50年的研究按时间顺序进行审查,出现了一致的叙述,表明家庭安全,在1970年代基本上没有,随着时间的推移逐渐改善。通过几种机制取得了改善:安全装置和设备的普及率、质量、覆盖面和日常使用的增加。此外,随着时间的推移,犯罪流离失所率下降,因为提供容易犯罪机会的家庭越来越少,而且由于青少年发现入室盗窃越来越困难,入室盗窃者的平均年龄增加了。因此,该研究得出结论,家庭安全的逐步改善在住宅盗窃的下降中发挥了核心作用。虽然研究结果表明,我们需要一个相当大的revison入室盗窃和窃贼的理解,50年的不同入室盗窃研究的可能性,在同一方向的机会,并没有显着的相反证据点,似乎remote.Further影响的理论,政策和研究确定。
Residential burglary in the United States has declined by over 80% across the last four decades, representing a major social phenomenon that remains largely unexplained. International research indicates a need for investigation of the security hypothesis. Here, 50 years of studies are examined chronologically. A consistent narrative emerges which indicates that household security, largely absent in the 1970s, improved gradually over time. Improvement occurred via several mechanisms: the increased prevalence, quality, coverage, and routine use of security fixtures and fittings. In addition, crime displacement declined over time as fewer households offered easy crime opportunities, and the average age of burglars increased as juveniles found burglary increasingly difficult. Hence the study concludes that gradual household security improvements played a central role in the decline in residential burglary. While the findings suggest a considerable revison is needed to our understanding of burglary and burglars, the likelihood that 50 years of diverse burglary research points in the same direction by chance, and without significant contrary evidence, seems remote. Further implications for theory, policy, and research are identified.
发动机防盗装置:盗车贼无从下手
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