Logical and illogical behavior in animals1

Logical and illogical behavior in animals1
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动物的逻辑和非逻辑行为1

DOI:
10.1111/j.1468-5584.2004.00251.x
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发表时间:
2004
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
Y. Yamazaki
Y. Yamazaki
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Y. Yamazaki

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翻译后摘要:不仅人类,而且非人类动物表现出逻辑和不合逻辑的行为。 这有两个典型的证据:传递性推理和等价关系的形成。传递性推理已经在广泛的学科中被观察到,这表明他们共享支持传递性推理的进化原因。另一方面,虽然等价关系的形成通常在人类受试者中发现,但它似乎很少发生在非人类受试者中。在鸽子的例子中,即使它们被明确地训练为等价,它们也不会随后表现出等价关系。海狮的表现代表了非人类等价关系的最可靠证据,表明物种特异性生态特性支持这种特定的认知。这些证据表明,在寻找逻辑的起源时,我们不仅要考察个体发生的历史,而且要考察学科的系统发育史。
Abstract:  Not only humans but also nonhuman animals show logical and illogical behavior. There are two typical areas of evidence for this: transitive inference and the formation of equivalence relations. Transitive inference has been observed in a broad range of subjects, suggesting that they share the evolutionary reasons that support transitive inference. On the other hand, while the formation of equivalence relations is typically found in human subjects, it appears to occur rarely in nonhuman subjects. In the case of pigeons, even if they are trained explicitly in equivalence, they do not subsequently exhibit equivalence relations. The performance of the sea lion represents the most reliable evidence of equivalence relations in nonhumans, suggesting that species-specific ecological properties support this particular cognition. These evidences suggest that in searching for the origin of logic, we should examine not only ontogenetic history, but also the phylogenetic history of the subjects.
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