Sample size calculation for the augmented logrank test in randomized clinical trials

Sample size calculation for the augmented logrank test in randomized clinical trials
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随机临床试验中增强对数秩检验的样本量计算

DOI:
10.1002/sim.9374
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Friede Tim
Friede Tim
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hattori Satoshi;Komukai Sho;Friede Tim

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在随机临床试验中,纳入基线协变量可以提高治疗效果假设检验的功效。对于生存终点,以基线协变量作为解释变量的 Cox 比例风险模型可以提高标准对数秩检验的功效。尽管这一点早已被认识到,但这种调整并不常用作主要分析,而是经常使用对数秩检验,然后估计治疗组之间的风险比。通过将 Cox 比例风险模型的评分函数投影到协变量空间上,对数秩检验可以更加强大。我们在与广泛使用的对数秩检验功效公式相同的设置下推导了这种增强对数秩检验的功效公式,并提出了一种利用对照治疗的历史数据来确定随机临床试验规模的简单策略。通过数值研究,发现与标准对数秩检验相比,所提出的程序有可能大大减少样本量。使用历史数据的一个问题是,这些数据可能无法很好地反映要设计的研究的数据结构,因此计算出的样本量可能不准确。由于我们的功效公式适用于跨治疗组汇集的数据集,因此可以在盲审中检查设计阶段功效计算的有效性。
In randomized clinical trials, incorporating baseline covariates can improve the power in hypothesis testing for treatment effects. For survival endpoints, the Cox proportional hazards model with baseline covariates as explanatory variables can improve the standard logrank test in power. Although this has long been recognized, this adjustment is not commonly used as the primary analysis and instead the logrank test followed by the estimation of the hazard ratio between treatment groups is often used. By projecting the score function for the Cox proportional hazards model onto a space of covariates, the logrank test can be more powerful. We derive a power formula for this augmented logrank test under the same setting as the widely used power formula for the logrank test and propose a simple strategy for sizing randomized clinical trials utilizing historical data of the control treatment. Through numerical studies, the proposed procedure was found to have the potential to reduce the sample size substantially as compared to the standard logrank test. A concern to utilize historical data is that those might not reflect well the data structure of the study to design and then the sample size calculated might not be accurate. Since our power formula is applicable to datasets pooled across the treatment arms, the validity of the power calculation at the design stage can be checked in blind reviews.
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