Overcoming delivery barriers in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.

Overcoming delivery barriers in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.
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DOI:
10.1007/s13346-021-01008-2
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发表时间:
2021-12
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Green JJ
Green JJ
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rui Y;Green JJ

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胶质母细胞瘤是成人原发肿瘤中最致命的形式之一,尽管进行了积极的护理标准治疗,但确诊后中位生存期为14.6个月。在过去的二十年里,胶质母细胞瘤患者的这种严峻的预后几乎没有改变,需要新的治疗方式。一种潜在的治疗方式是癌症免疫疗法,它在减缓疾病进展甚至有可能治愈某些实体肿瘤方面取得了显著进展。然而,血脑屏障构成的运输障碍和中枢神经系统的免疫特权状态构成了脑肿瘤特有的药物输送障碍。在这篇综述中,我们提供了有效治疗胶质母细胞瘤必须克服的各种生理、免疫学和药物传递障碍的概述。我们讨论了化学修饰策略,使纳米药物能够绕过血脑屏障,到达颅内肿瘤。最后,我们重点介绍了基于生物材料的癌症免疫治疗策略的最新进展,该策略可适用于胶质母细胞瘤的治疗。
Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest forms of primary adult tumors, with median survival of 14.6 months post-diagnosis despite aggressive standard of care treatment. This grim prognosis for glioblastoma patients has changed little in the past two decades, necessitating novel treatment modalities. One potential treatment modality is cancer immunotherapy, which has shown remarkable progress in slowing disease progression or even potentially curing certain solid tumors. However, the transport barriers posed by the blood–brain barrier and the immune privileged status of the central nervous system pose drug delivery obstacles that are unique to brain tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the various physiological, immunological, and drug delivery barriers that must be overcome for effective glioblastoma treatment. We discuss chemical modification strategies to enable nanomedicines to bypass the blood–brain barrier and reach intracranial tumors. Finally, we highlight recent advances in biomaterial-based strategies for cancer immunotherapy that can be adapted to glioblastoma treatment.
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