Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens.
Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.medj.2023.02.004
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发表时间：
2023-03-10
期刊：
影响因子：
17
通讯作者：
PITCH Consortium
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore, Shona C.;Kronsteiner, Barbara;Longet, Stephanie;Adele, Sandra;Deeks, Alexandra S.;Liu, Chang;Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa;Reyes, Laura Silva;Meardon, Naomi;Faustini, Sian;Al-Taei, Saly;Tipton, Tom;Hering, Luisa M.;Angyal, Adrienn;Brown, Rebecca;Nicols, Alexander R.;Dobson, Susan L.;Supasa, Piyada;Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai;Cross, Andrew;Tyerman, Jessica K.;Hornsby, Hailey;Grouneva, Irina;Plowright, Megan;Zhang, Peijun;Newman, Thomas A. H.;Nell, Jeremy M.;Abraham, Priyanka;Ali, Mohammad;Malone, Tom;Neale, Isabel;Phillips, Eloise;Wilson, Joseph D.;Murray, Sam M.;Zewdie, Martha;Shields, Adrian;Horner, Emily C.;Booth, Lucy H.;Stafford, Lizzie;Bibi, Sagida;Wootton, Daniel G.;Mentzer, Alexander J.;Conlon, Christopher P.;Jeffery, Katie;Matthews, Philippa C.;Pollard, Andrew J.;Brown, Anthony;Rowland-Jones, Sarah L.;Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip;Payne, Rebecca P.;Dold, Christina;Lambe, Teresa;Thaventhiran, James E. D.;Screaton, Gavin;Barnes, Eleanor;Hopkins, Susan;Hall, Victoria;Ducan, Christopher J. A.;Richter, Alex;Carroll, Miles;de Silva, Thushan I.;Klenerman, Paul;Dunachie, Susann;Turtle, Lance;PITCH Consortium
感染和疫苗接种，单独或联合使用，都会产生针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）的抗体和T细胞反应。然而，维持这样的反应——从而防止疾病——需要仔细的特征描述。在一项针对英国医护人员（HCWs）的大型前瞻性研究（在更大的SARS-CoV-2免疫和再感染评估[SIREN]研究中，来自医护人员T细胞的保护性免疫[PITCH]）中，我们之前观察到，先前的感染强烈影响了BNT162b2（辉瑞/BioNTech）疫苗接种长时间和短时间间隔后诱导的后续细胞和体液免疫。在此，我们报告了该队列中684名HCWs在接受两剂BNT162b2或AZD1222（牛津/阿斯利康）疫苗接种后的6 - 9个月的随访时间，以及随后mRNA增强疫苗接种后的6个月的随访时间。我们做了三个观察：首先，体液和细胞反应的动力学不同；结合抗体和中和抗体下降，而T细胞和记忆B细胞反应在第二剂疫苗后保持不变。第二，疫苗促进恢复免疫球蛋白（Ig） G水平；扩大对相关变异的中和活性，包括欧米克隆BA.1、BA.2和BA.5；并使T细胞反应高于第二次注射后6个月的水平。第三，与未感染的人相比，先前的感染保持其影响，驱动更大、更广泛的T细胞反应，这一特征一直保持到第三次注射后6个月。广泛的交叉反应性T细胞反应随着时间的推移可以很好地维持，特别是在那些使用联合疫苗和感染诱导免疫（“混合”免疫）的患者中，这可能有助于持续保护患者免受严重疾病的侵害。卫生和社会保障部，医学研究委员会。公众担心对SARS-CoV-2的免疫力下降。此外，随着病毒的变化，加强疫苗的效果可能会降低。因此，对SARS-CoV-2的免疫措施如何与保护联系起来是一个关键问题。英国PITCH联盟的研究人员在医护人员中观察到，接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后抗体下降；然而，T细胞反应不会。在注射第三剂疫苗后，免疫反应持续时间更长，并识别出不同的变体。在第一次免疫接种中使用哪种疫苗的差异也小得多，而在第三次接种之前，对mRNA疫苗的反应最强。随着时间的推移，对疫苗或病毒的免疫反应的差异会逐渐消失。Moore等人研究了3剂前后COVID-19疫苗的抗体和细胞反应。抗体反应减弱，但T细胞反应保持良好。T细胞比抗体能更好、更持久地识别组克隆变体。随着时间的推移，疫苗接种方案和以前感染造成的差异趋于平衡。
Both infection and vaccination, alone or in combination, generate antibody and T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the maintenance of such responses—and hence protection from disease—requires careful characterization. In a large prospective study of UK healthcare workers (HCWs) (Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare Workers [PITCH], within the larger SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation [SIREN] study), we previously observed that prior infection strongly affected subsequent cellular and humoral immunity induced after long and short dosing intervals of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccination. Here, we report longer follow-up of 684 HCWs in this cohort over 6–9 months following two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccination and up to 6 months following a subsequent mRNA booster vaccination. We make three observations: first, the dynamics of humoral and cellular responses differ; binding and neutralizing antibodies declined, whereas T and memory B cell responses were maintained after the second vaccine dose. Second, vaccine boosting restored immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels; broadened neutralizing activity against variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5; and boosted T cell responses above the 6-month level after dose 2. Third, prior infection maintained its impact driving larger and broader T cell responses compared with never-infected people, a feature maintained until 6 months after the third dose. Broadly cross-reactive T cell responses are well maintained over time—especially in those with combined vaccine and infection-induced immunity (“hybrid” immunity)—and may contribute to continued protection against severe disease. Department for Health and Social Care, Medical Research Council. There is public concern about waning immunity to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, booster vaccines might be less effective as the virus changes. As such, how measures of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 relate to protection is a key question. Researchers from the PITCH consortium in the UK observed in healthcare workers that antibodies drop after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; however, T cell responses do not. After a third vaccine dose, the immune response lasted longer and recognized different variants. It also made much less difference which vaccine had been used for the first immunizations, while before the third dose, the response to mRNA vaccines was the strongest. As time goes on, the differences in immune response to the vaccine or the virus even out. Moore et al. studied antibody and cellular responses to COVID-19 vaccines before and after dose 3. Antibody responses waned, but T cell responses were well maintained. T cells recognized Omicron variants better and for longer than antibodies. Differences due to vaccine regimen and previous infection evened out over time.
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既往 SARS-CoV-2 感染和混合免疫对 omicron 变异和严重疾病的保护有效性：系统评价和荟萃回归。
影响因子：
56.3
作者：
Bobrovitz, Niklas;Ware, Harriet;Ma, Xiaomeng;Li, Zihan;Hosseini, Reza;Cao, Christian;Selemon, Anabel;Whelan, Mairead;Premji, Zahra;Issa, Hanane;Cheng, Brianna;Abu Raddad, Laith J.;Buckeridge, David L.;Van Kerkhove, Maria D.;Piechotta, Vanessa;Higdon, Melissa M.;Wilder-Smith, Annelies;Bergeri, Isabel;Feikin, Daniel R.;Arora, Rahul K.;Patel, Minal K.;Subissi, Lorenzo
通讯作者：
Subissi, Lorenzo
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2119451
发表时间：
2022-04-21
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrews N;Stowe J;Kirsebom F;Toffa S;Rickeard T;Gallagher E;Gower C;Kall M;Groves N;O'Connell AM;Simons D;Blomquist PB;Zaidi A;Nash S;Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz N;Thelwall S;Dabrera G;Myers R;Amirthalingam G;Gharbia S;Barrett JC;Elson R;Ladhani SN;Ferguson N;Zambon M;Campbell CNJ;Brown K;Hopkins S;Chand M;Ramsay M;Lopez Bernal J
通讯作者：
Lopez Bernal J
影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Gao Y;Cai C;Grifoni A;Müller TR;Niessl J;Olofsson A;Humbert M;Hansson L;Österborg A;Bergman P;Chen P;Olsson A;Sandberg JK;Weiskopf D;Price DA;Ljunggren HG;Karlsson AC;Sette A;Aleman S;Buggert M
通讯作者：
Buggert M
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Addetia A;Crawford KHD;Dingens A;Zhu H;Roychoudhury P;Huang ML;Jerome KR;Bloom JD;Greninger AL
通讯作者：
Greninger AL
DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00460-6
发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
The Lancet. Infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Antonelli M;Penfold RS;Merino J;Sudre CH;Molteni E;Berry S;Canas LS;Graham MS;Klaser K;Modat M;Murray B;Kerfoot E;Chen L;Deng J;Österdahl MF;Cheetham NJ;Drew DA;Nguyen LH;Pujol JC;Hu C;Selvachandran S;Polidori L;May A;Wolf J;Chan AT;Hammers A;Duncan EL;Spector TD;Ourselin S;Steves CJ
通讯作者：
Steves CJ