Direct measurement of transcription factor dissociation excludes a simple operator occupancy model for gene regulation.

Direct measurement of transcription factor dissociation excludes a simple operator occupancy model for gene regulation.
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DOI:
10.1038/ng.2905
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发表时间:
2014-04
期刊:
影响因子:
30.8
通讯作者:
Elf J
Elf J
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hammar P;Walldén M;Fange D;Persson F;Baltekin O;Ullman G;Leroy P;Elf J

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转录因子(TF)通过与染色体操纵子特异结合来介导基因调控。通常认为,抑制水平是由抑制物与其操纵子的平衡结合给出的。然而,这一假设还不可能在活细胞中进行测试。在这里,我们开发了一种单分子追逐试验来测量单个转录因子分子在特定的染色体操作点保持结合多长时间。我们发现,lac抑制物二聚体在大肠杆菌中天然的lac操纵子上平均停留5分钟,并且较强的操纵子导致较慢的解离速率,但结合率相似。我们的发现不支持简单的均衡模型。例如,这种差异可以通过考虑转录启动导致系统失去平衡来解释。在根据Tf结合强度预测基因活性时,需要考虑这些影响。
Transcription factors (TFs) mediate gene regulation by site specific binding to chromosomal operators. It is commonly assumed that the level of repression is given by the equilibrium binding of a repressor to its operator alone. However, this assumption has not been possible to test in living cells. Here, we have developed a single molecule chase assay to measure how long an individual transcription factor molecule remains bound at a specific chromosomal operator site. We find that the lac repressor dimer stays bound on average 5 minutes at the native lac operator in Escherichia coli and that a stronger operator results in slower dissociation rate, but similar association rate. Our findings do not support the simple equilibrium model. The discrepancy can for example be accounted for by considering that transcription initiation drives the system out of equilibrium. Such effects need to be considered when predicting gene activity from TF binding strengths.
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