The dynamic influence of methane seepage on macrofauna inhabiting authigenic carbonates
The dynamic influence of methane seepage on macrofauna inhabiting authigenic carbonates
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甲烷渗流对自生碳酸盐岩大型动物的动态影响
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.3744
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Levin, Lisa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pereira, Olívia S.;Gonzalez, Jennifer;Mendoza, Guillermo F.;Le, Jennifer;Coscino, Connor L.;Lee, Raymond W.;Cortés, Jorge;Cordes, Erik E.;Levin, Lisa A.
甲烷渗漏是高生产力的深海生态系统，依赖于化学合成的初级生产。它们日益受到威胁关键生态系统服务的直接人类活动的影响。甲烷渗漏通常会产生自生碳酸盐岩的沉淀，其中包含多种微生物和动态无脊椎动物群落。通过提供坚硬的基底，即使在渗漏停止后，这些岩石也可能促进渗漏和背景群落之间的长期生态相互作用。我们分析了群落组成，密度和营养结构的无脊椎动物自生碳酸盐在土墩12，渗漏在太平洋边缘的哥斯达黎加，使用一个测定和两个操纵实验。我们询问碳酸盐大型动物群落是否能够从环境因素的变化中生存、适应和恢复（即，渗漏活动、化学合成生产和食物供应），我们假设渗漏活动在界定这些群落和反应方面发挥关键作用。在不同渗漏活动下，situcarbonates群落的密度随着与渗漏距离的增加而下降，并且组成从渗漏活跃区域的腹足类占主导地位转变为更多的环节动物和过介甲壳动物，这些环节动物和过介甲壳动物在渗漏较少的情况下较少依赖于化学合成产物。对环境背景变化的反应是显而易见的，从改变群落组成以下（1）自然下降，在连续几年的渗漏，（2）移植碳酸盐岩到不同的渗漏条件下17个月，（3）defaunated碳酸盐岩部署在不同的渗漏制度超过7.4年。渗漏动物在迁移到渗漏较少的地方时，比过渡动物（分别以原生渗漏动物和背景动物为特征）出现和恢复得更快，并能够通过调整饮食或保留共生细菌而持续存在。大型底栖动物群落定居defaunated碳酸盐岩部署7.4年开发的社区具有类似的演替阶段，作为原位岩石，虽然营养结构没有完全恢复。因此，大型底栖动物演替动态的影响，生境的复杂性和微生物的化学合成生产力的可用性。这项多实验研究突出了甲烷渗漏生物和非生物因素之间的相互作用，沿着连接渗漏和周围深海群落的空间梯度，在不同的时间尺度上，并提供了对深海大型动物群落恢复力的见解。
Methane seeps are highly productive deep‐sea ecosystems reliant on chemosynthetic primary production. They are increasingly affected by direct human activities that threaten key ecosystem services. Methane seepage often generates precipitation of authigenic carbonate rocks, which host diverse microbes, and a dynamic invertebrate community. By providing hard substrate, even after seepage ceases, these rocks may promote a long‐lasting ecological interaction between seep and background communities. We analyzed community composition, density, and trophic structure of invertebrates on authigenic carbonates at Mound 12, a seep on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica, using one mensurative and two manipulative experiments. We asked whether carbonate macrofaunal communities are able to survive, adapt, and recover from changes in environmental factors (i.e., seepage activity, chemosynthetic production, and food availability), and we hypothesized a key role for seepage activity in defining these communities and responses. Communities onin situcarbonates under different seepage activities showed declining density with increasing distance from the seep and a shift in composition from gastropod dominance in areas of active seepage to more annelids and peracarid crustaceans that are less dependent on chemosynthetic production under lesser seepage. Response to changing environmental context was evident from altered community composition following (1) a natural decline in seepage over successive years, (2) transplanting of carbonates to different seepage conditions for 17 months, and (3) defaunated carbonate deployments under different seepage regimes over 7.4 yr. Seep faunas on transplants to lesser seepage emerge and recover faster than transition fauna (characterized by native seep and background faunas, respectively) and are able to persist by adapting their diets or by retaining their symbiotic bacteria. The macrofaunal community colonizing defaunated carbonates deployed for 7.4 yr developed communities with a similar successional stage asin siturocks, although trophic structure was not fully recovered. Thus, macrofaunal successional dynamics are affected by habitat complexity and the availability of microbial chemosynthetic productivity. This multi‐experiment study highlights the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors at methane seeps at different time scales along a spatial gradient connecting seep and surrounding deep‐sea communities and offers insight on the resilience of deep‐sea macrofaunal communities.
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