Characterizing cognitive aging in humans with links to animal models.
Characterizing cognitive aging in humans with links to animal models.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2012.00021
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Glisky EL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander GE;Ryan L;Bowers D;Foster TC;Bizon JL;Geldmacher DS;Glisky EL
随着老年人人口预计将在未来二十年内迅速增长，推进研究工作以阐明与认知老化相关的机制变得越来越重要，最终目标是开发有效的干预措施和预防疗法。虽然已经有大量的研究文献使用认知测试来评估衰老和年龄相关的神经退行性疾病的影响，需要一套标准化的措施来表征特定于健康老龄化的认知概况已被广泛认可。在这里，我们提出了一个选择的方法和方法，已应用于人类研究的审查，以评估老化对认知的影响，包括执行功能，记忆，处理速度，语言和视觉空间功能。健康老龄化对每个认知领域的影响进行了讨论，从认知/实验和临床/神经心理学方法的例子。此外，我们认为这些措施有明确的概念和方法的联系，目前正在使用的任务，非人类动物老化的研究，以及那些有可能翻译为动物衰老研究。有一套互补的措施，以评估跨物种的健康老龄化的认知概况提供了一个独特的机会，以加强研究工作的横向，纵向和干预研究的认知老化。采取跨物种的转化方法将有助于推进认知老化研究，从而更好地了解相关的神经生物学机制，并有可能为年龄相关的认知衰退开发有效的干预和预防疗法。
With the population of older adults expected to grow rapidly over the next two decades, it has become increasingly important to advance research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms associated with cognitive aging, with the ultimate goal of developing effective interventions and prevention therapies. Although there has been a vast research literature on the use of cognitive tests to evaluate the effects of aging and age-related neurodegenerative disease, the need for a set of standardized measures to characterize the cognitive profiles specific to healthy aging has been widely recognized. Here we present a review of selected methods and approaches that have been applied in human research studies to evaluate the effects of aging on cognition, including executive function, memory, processing speed, language, and visuospatial function. The effects of healthy aging on each of these cognitive domains are discussed with examples from cognitive/experimental and clinical/neuropsychological approaches. Further, we consider those measures that have clear conceptual and methodological links to tasks currently in use for non-human animal studies of aging, as well as those that have the potential for translation to animal aging research. Having a complementary set of measures to assess the cognitive profiles of healthy aging across species provides a unique opportunity to enhance research efforts for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies of cognitive aging. Taking a cross-species, translational approach will help to advance cognitive aging research, leading to a greater understanding of associated neurobiological mechanisms with the potential for developing effective interventions and prevention therapies for age-related cognitive decline.
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