Taking Up an Active Role: Emerging Participation in Early Mother-Infant Interaction during Peekaboo Routines.

Taking Up an Active Role: Emerging Participation in Early Mother-Infant Interaction during Peekaboo Routines.
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DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01656
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Rohlfing KJ
Rohlfing KJ
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nomikou I;Leonardi G;Radkowska A;Rączaszek-Leonardi J;Rohlfing KJ

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社会协调的动力系统方法强调参与者的本地行为如何产生和维持全球互动模式,以及反过来又如何被这些模式塑造。发展研究可以为这两个过程提供重要的见解:(1)互动方式的稳定,以及(2)个人能动性的逐渐塑造。在本文中,我们提出婴儿的能动性是通过参与而发展的,即在互动系统中扮演角色。为了研究这一发展,本文重点关注参与例行事件可能塑造婴儿在社会事件中的能动性的方式。与现有研究解决更高级的社会惯例参与形式相反,我们的目标是评估婴儿的早期参与作为婴儿能动性的证据。在我们的研究中,拍摄了 19 名波兰母婴二人在 4 个月和 6 个月大时玩躲猫猫的镜头。我们根据婴儿在游戏特定阶段使用不同方式的各种行为来操作躲猫猫的参与:我们包括微笑、发声以及试图遮盖和暴露自己或母亲的行为。我们假设婴儿和母亲会通过调节自己的行为来积极参与日常活动,以遵守常规形式。此外,我们假设经历过更多支架的婴儿将能够在日常生活中扮演更积极的角色。我们将脚手架操作为母亲使用特定的躲猫结构,让婴儿能够预测何时轮到他们行动。结果表明,4 个月大的婴儿就开始玩躲猫猫,并轮流参与游戏,并且在 6 个月大时,他们的参与度有所增加。至关重要的是,我们的研究结果表明,婴儿的行为是由躲猫猫游戏的整体结构组织起来的,因为微笑、发声和试图揭开谜题在特定阶段发生的频率明显更高,而不是均匀分布在整个互动过程中。此外,母亲在 4 个月大时构建游戏的方式可以预测婴儿在 4 个月和 6 个月大时的参与程度。
Dynamical systems approaches to social coordination underscore how participants' local actions give rise to and maintain global interactive patterns and how, in turn, they are also shaped by them. Developmental research can deliver important insights into both processes: (1) the stabilization of ways of interacting, and (2) the gradual shaping of the agentivity of the individuals. In this article we propose that infants' agentivity develops out of participation, i.e., acting a part in an interaction system. To investigate this development this article focuses on the ways in which participation in routinized episodes may shape infant's agentivity in social events. In contrast to existing research addressing more advanced forms of participating in social routines, our goal was to assess infants' early participation as evidence of infants' agentivity. In our study, 19 Polish mother–infant dyads were filmed playing peekaboo when the infants were 4 and 6 months of age. We operationalized infants' participation in the peekaboo in terms of their use of various behaviors across modalities during specific phases of the game: We included smiles, vocalizations, and attempts to cover and uncover themselves or their mothers. We hypothesized that infants and mothers would participate actively in the routine by regulating their behavior so as to adhere to the routine format. Furthermore, we hypothesized that infants who experienced more scaffolding would be able to adopt a more active role in the routine. We operationalized scaffolding as mothers' use of specific peekaboo structures that allowed infants to anticipate when it was their turn to act. Results suggested that infants as young as 4 months of age engaged in peekaboo and took up turns in the game, and that their participation increased at 6 months of age. Crucially, our results suggest that infants' behavior was organized by the global structure of the peekaboo game, because smiles, vocalizations, and attempts to uncover occurred significantly more often during specific phases rather than being evenly distributed across the whole interaction. Furthermore, the way mothers structured the game at 4 months predicted infant participation at both 4 and 6 months of age.
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