Changing the game: exploring infants' participation in early play routines.
Changing the game: exploring infants' participation in early play routines.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00522
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
López B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fantasia V;Fasulo A;Costall A;López B
游戏已被证明在儿童的发展中具有核心作用，最显著的是在规则学习(Piaget；Sutton-Smith)和角色和目标的协商(Garvey；Bruner等人，)中。然而，关于早期游戏的研究却很少。本研究的重点是早期的社交游戏，即母亲在很小的时候就用来与婴儿互动的声动游戏程序。我们考察了3个月大的婴儿和他们的母亲，首先以常规的方式进行游戏，然后在两种违反的条件下：没有手势和没有声音。这项研究的目的是调查婴儿在游戏中的参与度和期望值，以及这种参与度是否受到游戏多模式模式变化的影响。婴儿的面部表情、凝视和身体动作被编码，以衡量三种情况下的投入程度和情感状态。结果显示，当游戏结构被破坏时，四肢运动和积极情感的表达显著减少，凝视转移和惊愕表情增加。这些结果表明，被违反的游戏条件被体验为不那么吸引人，要么是因为既定的联合例程意外中断，要么仅仅是因为它们是同一个游戏的较弱版本。总体而言，我们的结果表明，结构化的多模式游戏程序可能构成了只能作为听觉和运动资源的整合单位的互动语境，代表了早期的交际语境，为以后更复杂的多模式互动奠定了基础，如言语交流。
Play has proved to have a central role in children's development, most notably in rule learning (Piaget,; Sutton-Smith,) and negotiation of roles and goals (Garvey,; Bruner et al.,). Yet very little research has been done on early play. The present study focuses on early social games, i.e., vocal-kinetic play routines that mothers use to interact with infants from very early on. We explored 3-month-old infants and their mothers performing a routine game first in the usual way, then in two violated conditions: without gestures and without sound. The aim of the study is to investigate infants' participation and expectations in the game and whether this participation is affected by changes in the multimodal format of the game. Infants' facial expressions, gaze, and body movements were coded to measure levels of engagement and affective state across the three conditions. Results showed a significant decrease in Limbs Movements and expressions of Positive Affect, an increase in Gaze Away and in Stunned Expression when the game structure was violated. These results indicate that the violated game conditions were experienced as less engaging, either because of an unexpected break in the established joint routine, or simply because they were weaker versions of the same game. Overall, our results suggest that structured, multimodal play routines may constitute interactional contexts that only work as integrated units of auditory and motor resources, representing early communicative contexts which prepare the ground for later, more complex multimodal interactions, such as verbal exchanges.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
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