Secreted Effectors Modulating Immune Responses to Toxoplasma gondii.
Secreted Effectors Modulating Immune Responses to Toxoplasma gondii.
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DOI：
10.3390/life11090988
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发表时间：
2021-09-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weiss LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tomita T;Guevara RB;Shah LM;Afrifa AY;Weiss LM
弓形虫是一种专性细胞内寄生虫，慢性感染三分之一的人。它可以在免疫受损的个体中引起危及生命的脑炎。先天性感染还导致失明和智力残疾。在细胞内环境中，寄生虫遇到各种免疫效应物，这些免疫效应物被塑造成限制寄生虫感染的形状。寄生虫不仅要抑制这些抗寄生虫的炎症反应，还要确保宿主生物体的存活，直到它们随后的传播。T.对刚地虫的研究已经揭示了大量的寄生虫分泌的蛋白质，这些蛋白质抑制以及激活免疫反应。这个小审查将全面检查每一个分泌的免疫调节效应的基础上，他们的行动的位置。第一部分集中于定位于寄生虫空泡膜的分泌效应物，寄生虫和宿主细胞质之间的界面。小鼠宿主具有强有力的IFNγ诱导的免疫相关GTP酶，各种寄生虫效应物破坏这些GTP酶以防止寄生虫消除。第二部分研究了几种细胞质和ER效应子，包括最近描述的基质抗原1（MAG1）作为分泌效应子的功能。第三部分涵盖了劫持转录因子的核效应子和改变基因表达的表观遗传阻遏物。最后一节重点讨论了密粒效应子和效应子在T.弓形虫组织囊（缓殖子寄生空泡）。
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that chronically infects a third of humans. It can cause life-threatening encephalitis in immune-compromised individuals. Congenital infection also results in blindness and intellectual disabilities. In the intracellular milieu, parasites encounter various immunological effectors that have been shaped to limit parasite infection. Parasites not only have to suppress these anti-parasitic inflammatory responses but also ensure the host organism’s survival until their subsequent transmission. Recent advancements in T. gondii research have revealed a plethora of parasite-secreted proteins that suppress as well as activate immune responses. This mini-review will comprehensively examine each secreted immunomodulatory effector based on the location of their actions. The first section is focused on secreted effectors that localize to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, the interface between the parasites and the host cytoplasm. Murine hosts are equipped with potent IFNγ-induced immune-related GTPases, and various parasite effectors subvert these to prevent parasite elimination. The second section examines several cytoplasmic and ER effectors, including a recently described function for matrix antigen 1 (MAG1) as a secreted effector. The third section covers the repertoire of nuclear effectors that hijack transcription factors and epigenetic repressors that alter gene expression. The last section focuses on the translocation of dense-granule effectors and effectors in the setting of T. gondii tissue cysts (the bradyzoite parasitophorous vacuole).
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
BOHNE, W;HEESEMANN, J;GROSS, U
通讯作者：
GROSS, U
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Coffey, Michael J.;Sleebs, Brad E.;Tonkin, Christopher J.
通讯作者：
Tonkin, Christopher J.
坏死：机制和与疾病相关。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100247
发表时间：
2017-01-24
期刊：
Annual review of pathology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Galluzzi L;Kepp O;Chan FK;Kroemer G
通讯作者：
Kroemer G
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
DEROUIN, F;GARIN, YJF
通讯作者：
GARIN, YJF
影响因子：
30.3
作者：
Etheridge RD;Alaganan A;Tang K;Lou HJ;Turk BE;Sibley LD
通讯作者：
Sibley LD