Initiation and spread of escape waves within animal groups.
Initiation and spread of escape waves within animal groups.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.140355
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Sumpter DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herbert-Read JE;Buhl J;Hu F;Ward AJ;Sumpter DJ
动物群体对掠夺性攻击的异常反应被认为是由于群体成员之间快速但局部的信息传递。这些群体一致转向并产生逃逸波。然而，目前尚不清楚逃逸波是如何从局部相互作用中产生的，也不清楚自然选择如何塑造这些模式。在一个实验竞技场中，通过模拟攻击惊吓鱼群，我们证明了一小部分检测到危险的个体在方向和速度上的变化会引发逃逸波。这种逃离波由一群密集的个体组成，导致其他群体成员改变方向。在大多数情况下，这一波会穿过整个群体。我们使用一个模拟模型来证明，这种机制可以，通过本地相互作用单独，产生任意大的逃逸波。在这个模型中，当我们将群体密度设置为真实的鱼群密度时，我们发现群体边缘成员的风险大致等于群体内成员的风险。我们的实验和建模结果为逃逸波在没有集中控制的情况下如何在自然界中传播提供了一个合理的解释。
The exceptional reactivity of animal collectives to predatory attacks is thought to be owing to rapid, but local, transfer of information between group members. These groups turn together in unison and produce escape waves. However, it is not clear how escape waves are created from local interactions, nor is it understood how these patterns are shaped by natural selection. By startling schools of fish with a simulated attack in an experimental arena, we demonstrate that changes in the direction and speed by a small percentage of individuals that detect the danger initiate an escape wave. This escape wave consists of a densely packed band of individuals that causes other school members to change direction. In the majority of cases, this wave passes through the entire group. We use a simulation model to demonstrate that this mechanism can, through local interactions alone, produce arbitrarily large escape waves. In the model, when we set the group density to that seen in real fish schools, we find that the risk to the members at the edge of the group is roughly equal to the risk of those within the group. Our experiments and modelling results provide a plausible explanation for how escape waves propagate in nature without centralized control.
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影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Bumann, D;Krause, J;Rubenstein, D
通讯作者：
Rubenstein, D
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
HAMILTON, WD