Evolutionary aspects of urea utilization by fungi.

Evolutionary aspects of urea utilization by fungi.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00602.x
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发表时间:
2010-03
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Nickerson KW
Nickerson KW
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Navarathna DH;Harris SD;Roberts DD;Nickerson KW

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高等真菌在尿素利用方面表现出两分法。半真菌使用尿素酰胺酶(dur1,2),而所有其他高等真菌使用含镍脲酶。尿素酰胺酶是一种能量依赖型含生物素酶。它可能是在大约3.5亿年前真丝菌/半丝菌分化之前,通过将一个未知基因插入到一个复制的甲基丁基辅酶a羧化酶(MccA)的拷贝中而产生的。脲酶和尿素酰胺酶之间的二分法与Ni/Co转运体(Nic1p)的二分法完全一致,Nic1p存在于使用脲酶的高等真菌中,而不存在于不使用脲酶的真菌中。我们认为尿素酰胺酶的选择优势在于它允许半真菌抛弃所有依赖Ni2+和Co2+的代谢,从而减少两种需要调节浓度的过渡金属。此外,半菌中MccA的缺失与它们产生杂醇醇相吻合,并可能解释了这一点。
The higher fungi exhibit a dichotomy with regard to urea utilization. The hemiascomycetes use urea amidolyase (DUR1,2) whereas all other higher fungi use the nickel-containing urease. Urea amidolyase is an energy dependent biotin-containing enzyme. It likely arose prior to the Euascomycete/Hemiascomycete divergence ca. 350 million years ago by insertion of an unknown gene into one copy of a duplicated methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MccA). The dichotomy between urease and urea amidolyase coincides precisely with that for the Ni/Co transporter (Nic1p) which is present in the higher fungi that use urease and absent in those that do not. We suggest that the selective advantage for urea amidolyase is that it allowed the hemiascomycetes to jettison all Ni2+ and Co2+ dependent metabolism and thus to have two fewer transition metals whose concentrations need to be regulated. Also, the absence of MccA in the hemiascomycetes coincides with and may explain their production of fusel alcohols.
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