LRIG1, a regulator of stem cell quiescence and a pleiotropic feedback tumor suppressor.

LRIG1, a regulator of stem cell quiescence and a pleiotropic feedback tumor suppressor.
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LRIG1,干细胞静止调节因子和多效反馈肿瘤抑制因子。

DOI:
10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.016
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发表时间:
2022-07
影响因子:
14.5
通讯作者:
Tang DG
Tang DG
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ji Y;Kumar R;Gokhale A;Chao HP;Rycaj K;Chen X;Li Q;Tang DG

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富含亮氨酸重复序列和免疫球蛋白样结构域蛋白1(LRIG1)是在20多年前被发现的,已被证明在几种癌症中表达下调或缺失,并作为一种肿瘤抑制因子发挥作用。LRIG1另一个被广泛报道的生物学功能是调节并帮助维持成体干细胞(SCs)的静止状态。在这两种情况下,LRIG1主要通过拮抗ERBB和其他受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)的表达和活性来调节干细胞静止并抑制肿瘤生长。我们最近报道,在未经治疗的人类前列腺癌(PCa)中,LRIG1主要受雄激素受体(AR)调节,且显著过表达。在去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)中,LRIG1和AR的表达变得不均一,且常常不一致。重要的是,在雄激素依赖性前列腺癌和CRPC模型中,LRIG1都表现出肿瘤抑制功能。此外,LRIG1的诱导抑制了预先建立的AR⁺和AR⁻前列腺癌的生长。在此,在简要介绍LRIG1和LRIG家族之后,我们提供了关于LRIG1在调节干细胞静止和抑制肿瘤发展方面功能的最新综述。我们进一步强调了LRIG1在未经治疗的前列腺癌和CRPC中的表达、调节和功能。最后,我们提出了鉴定新的癌症特异性LRIG1相互作用信号伴侣以及开发基于LRIG1的抗癌疗法和诊断/预后生物标志物的展望。
LRIG1, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1, was discovered more than 20 years ago and has been shown to be downregulated or lost, and to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Another well-reported biological function of LRIG1 is to regulate and help enforce the quiescence of adult stem cells (SCs). In both contexts, LRIG1 regulates SC quiescence and represses tumor growth via, primarily, antagonizing the expression and activities of ERBB and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We have recently reported that in treatment-naïve human prostate cancer (PCa), LRIG1 is primarily regulated by androgen receptor (AR) and is prominently overexpressed. In castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), both LRIG1 and AR expression becomes heterogeneous and, frequently, discordant. Importantly, in both androgen-dependent PCa and CRPC models, LRIG1 exhibits tumor-suppressive functions. Moreover, LRIG1 induction inhibits the growth of pre-established AR+ and AR− PCa. Here, upon a brief introduction of the LRIG1 and the LRIG family, we provide an updated overview on LRIG1 functions in regulating SC quiescence and repressing tumor development. We further highlight the expression, regulation and functions of LRIG1 in treatment-naïve PCa and CRPC. We conclude by offering the perspectives of identifying novel cancer-specific LRIG1-interacting signaling partners and developing LRIG1-based anti-cancer therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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