The achilles heel of the trojan horse model of HIV-1 trans-infection.

The achilles heel of the trojan horse model of HIV-1 trans-infection.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000051
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发表时间:
2008-06-27
期刊:
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Greene WC
Greene WC
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cavrois M;Neidleman J;Greene WC

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为了确保它们的生存,微生物病原体进化出不同的策略来破坏宿主的免疫防御。人类逆转录病毒HIV-1被认为是劫持树突状细胞(DC)的自然内吞功能,在一种称为反式感染的过程中感染相互作用的CD4T细胞。虽然DC可以被某些HIV-1毒株直接感染,但在反式感染过程中,DC不需要生产性感染;相反,DC捕获并内化囊泡中的传染性HIV-1病毒粒子,稍后通过感染突触的囊泡吐出作用传递给CD4T细胞。这种完整的HIV-1病毒粒子顺序内吞和胞吐的模型被称为HIV-1反式感染的“特洛伊木马”模型。虽然这一模型作为病原体如何利用其细胞宿主的自然属性的有力例子而迅速受到青睐,但我们最近的研究对这一模型提出了挑战,因为我们最近的研究表明,绝大多数反式传输的病毒粒子来自质膜而不是细胞内的小泡。这篇综述追溯了导致我们认为HIV-1反式感染的特洛伊木马模型“兴衰”的实验证据。
To ensure their survival, microbial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to subvert host immune defenses. The human retrovirus HIV-1 has been proposed to hijack the natural endocytic function of dendritic cells (DCs) to infect interacting CD4 T cells in a process termed trans-infection. Although DCs can be directly infected by certain strains of HIV-1, productive infection of DCs is not required during trans-infection; instead, DCs capture and internalize infectious HIV-1 virions in vesicles for later transmission to CD4 T cells via vesicular exocytosis across the infectious synapse. This model of sequential endocytosis and exocytosis of intact HIV-1 virions has been dubbed the “Trojan horse” model of HIV-1 trans-infection. While this model gained rapid favor as a strong example of how a pathogen exploits the natural properties of its cellular host, our recent studies challenge this model by showing that the vast majority of virions transmitted in trans originate from the plasma membrane rather than from intracellular vesicles. This review traces the experimental lines of evidence that have contributed to what we view as the “rise and decline” of the Trojan horse model of HIV-1 trans-infection.
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