Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus.

Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2013.06.003
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发表时间:
2013-09
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Grdzelishvili, Valery Z.
Grdzelishvili, Valery Z.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hastie, Eric;Cataldi, Marcela;Marriott, Ian;Grdzelishvili, Valery Z.

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水疱性口炎病毒 (VSV) 是一种原型无节段负链 RNA 病毒。 VSV 广泛的细胞趋向性使其成为许多基础研究应用的流行模型病毒。此外,由于人类缺乏针对 VSV 的预先存在的免疫力、固有的促瘤性和其他特征,使得 VSV 成为广泛使用的疫苗和溶瘤载体平台。然而,为了使用该病毒作为安全载体,需要解决 VSV 的神经趋向性可能导致实验动物发生病毒性脑炎的问题。因此,了解 VSV 趋向性的决定因素并制定改变它的策略非常重要。 VSV 糖蛋白 (G) 和基质 (M) 蛋白在其细胞趋向性中起主要作用。 VSV G 蛋白负责 VSV 广泛的细胞向性,通常用于假型其他病毒。 VSV M 通过逃避抗病毒反应来影响细胞向性,M 突变体可用于将细胞向性限制在干扰素信号传导缺陷的细胞类型上。此外,其他 VSV 蛋白和宿主蛋白可能充当 VSV 细胞趋向性的决定因素。各种方法已成功用于改变 VSV 向性,以有利于基础研究和临床相关应用。
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a prototypic nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus. VSV’s broad cell tropism makes it a popular model virus for many basic research applications. In addition, a lack of preexisting human immunity against VSV, inherent oncotropism and other features make VSV a widely used platform for vaccine and oncolytic vectors. However, VSV’s neurotropism that can result in viral encephalitis in experimental animals needs to be addressed for the use of the virus as a safe vector. Therefore, it is very important to understand the determinants of VSV tropism and develop strategies to alter it. VSV glycoprotein (G) and matrix (M) protein play major roles in its cell tropism. VSV G protein is responsible for VSV broad cell tropism and is often used for pseudotyping other viruses. VSV M affects cell tropism via evasion of antiviral responses, and M mutants can be used to limit cell tropism to cell types defective in interferon signaling. In addition, other VSV proteins and host proteins may function as determinants of VSV cell tropism. Various approaches have been successfully used to alter VSV tropism to benefit basic research and clinically relevant applications.
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