Ras and Rap signaling in synaptic plasticity and mental disorders.

Ras and Rap signaling in synaptic plasticity and mental disorders.
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DOI:
10.1177/1073858410365562
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发表时间:
2011-02
期刊:
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zhu JJ
Zhu JJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stornetta RL;Zhu JJ

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Ras 家族 GTPases(Ras、Rap1 和 Rap2)及其下游丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(ERK、JNK 和 p38MAPK)和 PI3K 信号级联控制各种生理过程。在神经元细胞中,最近的研究表明,这些平行级联在经验依赖性突触可塑性和适应性行为期间发出不同形式的 AMPA 敏感谷氨酸受体运输信号。有趣的是,Ras/Rap 信号传导的低激活和高激活都会损害突触可塑性的能力,强调了信号传导“快乐中度”动态调节的重要性。此外,越来越多的报告表明,上调或下调 Ras/Rap 信号传导的各种遗传缺陷与许多与学习障碍相关的精神障碍(例如,阿尔茨海默病、Angelman 综合征、自闭症、心面皮肤综合征、Coffin-Lowry 综合征、Costello 综合征、Cowden 和 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba 综合征、脆性 X 综合征、1 型神经纤维瘤病、Noonan 综合征、精神分裂症、结节性硬化症和 X 连锁智力低下),强调了学习行为中 Ras/Rap 信号传导的快乐媒介动态调节的必要性。因此,对神经元 Ras/Rap 信号传导理解的最新进展为开发精神疾病的新疗法提供了有用的指导。
The Ras family GTPases (Ras, Rap1, and Rap2) and their downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38MAPK) and PI3K signaling cascades control various physiological processes. In neuronal cells, recent studies have shown that these parallel cascades signal distinct forms of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptor trafficking during experience-dependent synaptic plasticity and adaptive behavior. Interestingly, both hypo- and hyper-activation of Ras/Rap signaling impair the capacity of synaptic plasticity, underscoring the importance of a “happy-medium” dynamic regulation of the signaling. Moreover, accumulating reports have linked various genetic defects that either up- or down-regulate Ras/Rap signaling with a number of mental disorders associated with learning disability (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Angelman syndrome, autism, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, Costello syndrome, Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes, fragile X syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, schizophrenia, tuberous sclerosis, and X-linked mental retardation), highlighting the necessity of happy-medium dynamic regulation of Ras/Rap signaling in learning behavior. Thus, the recent advances in understanding of neuronal Ras/Rap signaling provide a useful guide for developing novel treatments for mental diseases.
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